The Characteristics of Cognitive Proficiency in Patients with Acute Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disease and its Correlation with Serum Aquaporin-4 Antibody Titer
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients
2.2. Selection Criteria of Subjects
2.3. Control Group
2.4. Clinical Assessment and Follow-Up
2.5. Assessment of Cognitive Function
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. General Information of the Research Object
3.1.1. Comparison of Cognitive Evaluation Scales between NMOSD and Control
3.1.2. Ratio of Cognitive Dysfunction in Acute NMOSD
3.1.3. Changes of MoCA and Serum AQP-4 Antibody Titers during Follow-Up
3.1.4. Correlation Analysis of Cognitive Function and other Factors in Patients with NMOSD
4. Discussion
4.1. Summary & Contributions
4.2. Benefits & Limitations
4.3. Future Work
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Cognitive Evaluation Scales | Domain |
---|---|
MoCA | Overall cognitive function |
CRAVLT | Verbal learning and memory |
ROCF | Visual structure and visual spatial memory ability |
PASAT-3/2 | Information processing speed, working memory and attention |
CWT | Visual search speed, working memory, executive ability |
DST | Attention |
VFT | Verbal fluency |
Cognitive Evaluation Scales (Score) | Acute NMOSD Group (n = 25) | Control Group (n = 30) | Statistical Magnitude | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Corrected MoCA | 24.00 (20.5, 27.5) | 27.00 (26.75, 28.00) | <0.001 *** | |
CRAVLT-N1-5 | 37.96 ± 12.60 | 41.57 ± 7.21 | t = 1.27 | 0.213 |
CRAVLT-N6 | 3.84 ± 1.68 | 4.37 ± 1.43 | t = −1.26 | 0.213 |
CRAVLT-N7 | 7.72 ± 3.37 | 10.07 ± 2.41 | t = −3.00 | 0.004 ** |
CRAVLT-N8 | 7.28 ± 3.48 | 9.47 ± 2.33 | t = −2.68 | 0.011 * |
CRAVLT-N9 | 14.00 (12.00, 15.00) | 14.00 (13.00, 15.00) | 0.072 | |
ROCF-C | 34.00 (31.75, 36.00) | 36.00 (36.00, 36.00) | 0.005 ** | |
ROCF-R | 11.92 ± 6.35 | 19.58 ± 4.87 | t = −5.06 | <0.001 *** |
PASAT-3 | 35.00 ± 14.83 | 47.00 (36.00, 54.00) | 0.013 * | |
PASAT-2 | 26.84 ± 12.59 | 34.00 (30.00, 42.50) | 0.001 ** | |
CWT-A (second) | 28.67 ± 8.86 | 23.73 ± 4.59 | t = 2.52 | 0.017 * |
CWT-B (second) | 38.36 ± 10.00 | 34.37 ± 8.11 | t = 1.64 | 0.107 |
CWT-C (second) | 67.69 (56.37, 82.79) | 67.82 ± 13.23 | 0.800 | |
DST | 12.0 (11.00, 15.00) | 14.10 ± 2.31 | 0.05 | |
VFT | 31.60 ± 12.26 | 36.47 ± 5.24 | t = −1.85 | 0.074 |
Cognitive Evaluation Scale | Z-Score < −1.5(The Number of People) | Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|
(the Z-Score of CWT > 1.5) | ||
Corrected MoCA | 15 | 60 |
CR-AVLT-N5 | 7 | 28 |
CRAVLT-N6 | 5 | 20 |
CRAVLT-N7 | 5 | 20 |
CRAVLT-N8 | 4 | 16 |
CRAVLT-N9 | 3 | 12 |
ROCF-C | 2 | 8 |
ROCF-R | 6 | 24 |
PASAT-3 | 7 | 28 |
PASAT-2 | 4 | 16 |
CWT-A | 2 | 8 |
CWT-B | 2 | 8 |
CWT-C | 3 | 12 |
DST | 0 | 0 |
VFT | 2 | 8 |
Cognitive Domain | Number of People with Disabilities | Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|
Verbal memory | 13 | 52 |
Speech fluency area | 2 | 8 |
Information processing, working memory, areas of attention | 8 | 32 |
Visual spatial structure and visual spatial memory | 9 | 36 |
Executive Capability Area | 5 | 20 |
F | p | |
---|---|---|
AQP-4 antibody titer (the second time) | 0.127 | 0.728 |
AQP-4 antibody titer (the third time) | 0.050 | 0.826 |
AQP-4 antibody titer (the first time): AQP-4 antibody titer (the third time) | 4.381 | 0.057 |
AQP-4 antibody titer (the second time): AQP-4 antibody titer (the third time) | 0.202 | 0.660 |
Cognitive Evaluation Scale | Related Factors | R | p |
---|---|---|---|
MoCA | Years of Education | 0.65 | <0.001 *** |
Intracranial lesions | −0.569 | 0.007 ** | |
CRAVLT-N6 | Years of Education | 0.638 | 0.002 ** |
ROCF-R | Intracranial lesions | −0.519 | 0.016 * |
PASAT-3 | Years of Education | 0.477 | 0.029 * |
PASAT-2 | Intracranial lesions | −0.43 | 0.047 * |
CWT-A | Years of Education | −0.463 | 0.035 * |
Intracranial lesions | 0.518 | 0.016 * | |
DST | Years of Education | 0.477 | 0.029 * |
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Miao, Y.; Zhong, X.; Jia, S.; Bian, Y.; Han, J.; Qiu, F. The Characteristics of Cognitive Proficiency in Patients with Acute Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disease and its Correlation with Serum Aquaporin-4 Antibody Titer. Brain Sci. 2023, 13, 90. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13010090
Miao Y, Zhong X, Jia S, Bian Y, Han J, Qiu F. The Characteristics of Cognitive Proficiency in Patients with Acute Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disease and its Correlation with Serum Aquaporin-4 Antibody Titer. Brain Sciences. 2023; 13(1):90. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13010090
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiao, Yan, Xiaoling Zhong, Shuangshuang Jia, Yang Bian, Jinming Han, and Feng Qiu. 2023. "The Characteristics of Cognitive Proficiency in Patients with Acute Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disease and its Correlation with Serum Aquaporin-4 Antibody Titer" Brain Sciences 13, no. 1: 90. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13010090
APA StyleMiao, Y., Zhong, X., Jia, S., Bian, Y., Han, J., & Qiu, F. (2023). The Characteristics of Cognitive Proficiency in Patients with Acute Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disease and its Correlation with Serum Aquaporin-4 Antibody Titer. Brain Sciences, 13(1), 90. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13010090