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Comment published on 29 June 2022, see Brain Sci. 2022, 12(7), 850.
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Article

Correlations between Persistent Olfactory and Semantic Memory Disorders after SARS-CoV-2 Infection

by
Julie Fiorentino
1,2,*,
Magali Payne
1,2,
Elisa Cancian
3,
Alexandra Plonka
1,2,4,
Louise-Émilie Dumas
2,5,
David Chirio
6,
Élisa Demonchy
6,
Karine Risso
6,
Florence Askenazy-Gittard
2,5,
Nicolas Guevara
4,
Laurent Castillo
4,
Philippe Robert
1,2,
Valeria Manera
1,2,
Clair Vandersteen
2,3 and
Auriane Gros
1,2
1
Département d’Orthophonie de Nice, Faculté de Médecine de Nice, 06107 Nice, France
2
Laboratoire CoBTeK, Institut Claude Pompidou, Université Côte d’Azur, 06100 Nice, France
3
Institut Universitaire de la Face et du Cou, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Côte d’Azur, 06100 Nice, France
4
Institut NeuroMod, Université Côté d’Azur, 06902 Sophia-Antipolis, France
5
Hôpitaux Pédiatriques de Nice CHU-LENVAL, 57 Avenue de la Californie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Côte d’Azur, 06200 Nice, France
6
Département de Médecine Infectiologique, Hôpital de l’Archet, 151 Route de Saint-Antoine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Côte d’Azur, 06200 Nice, France
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Brain Sci. 2022, 12(6), 714; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12060714
Submission received: 29 April 2022 / Revised: 20 May 2022 / Accepted: 27 May 2022 / Published: 31 May 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Investigating the Interplay between Olfaction, Social Behaviour, and Individual Differences)
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Abstract

Background: One of the main symptoms of COVID-19 is hyposmia or even anosmia. Olfactory identification is most often affected. In addition, some cognitive disorders tend to appear following the infection, particularly regarding executive functions, attention, and memory. Olfaction, and especially olfactory identification, is related to semantic memory which manages general knowledge about the world. The main objective of this study was to determine whether semantic memory is impaired in case of persistent post COVID-19 olfactory disorders. Methods: 84 patients (average age of 42.8 ± 13.6 years) with post COVID-19 olfactory loss were included after consulting to the ENT department. The clinical evaluation was carried out with the Pyramid and Palm Tree Test, the word-retrieval task from the Grémots, the Sniffin’ Sticks Test and the Computerised Olfactory Test for the Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease. Results: Semantic memory was impaired in 20% (n = 17) of patients, especially in the 19–39 age-group. The olfactory threshold was only significantly correlated with the semantic memory scores. Conclusions: Similar to all cognitive disorders, semantic disorders can have a negative impact on quality of life if left untreated. It is essential to carry out specific assessments of post COVID-19 patients to accurately determine their disorders and to put in place the best possible rehabilitation, such as speech and language therapy, to avoid quality-of-life impairment.
Keywords: COVID-19; cognitive disorders; olfactory dysfunction; olfactory testing; semantic memory COVID-19; cognitive disorders; olfactory dysfunction; olfactory testing; semantic memory

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MDPI and ACS Style

Fiorentino, J.; Payne, M.; Cancian, E.; Plonka, A.; Dumas, L.-É.; Chirio, D.; Demonchy, É.; Risso, K.; Askenazy-Gittard, F.; Guevara, N.; et al. Correlations between Persistent Olfactory and Semantic Memory Disorders after SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Brain Sci. 2022, 12, 714. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12060714

AMA Style

Fiorentino J, Payne M, Cancian E, Plonka A, Dumas L-É, Chirio D, Demonchy É, Risso K, Askenazy-Gittard F, Guevara N, et al. Correlations between Persistent Olfactory and Semantic Memory Disorders after SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Brain Sciences. 2022; 12(6):714. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12060714

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fiorentino, Julie, Magali Payne, Elisa Cancian, Alexandra Plonka, Louise-Émilie Dumas, David Chirio, Élisa Demonchy, Karine Risso, Florence Askenazy-Gittard, Nicolas Guevara, and et al. 2022. "Correlations between Persistent Olfactory and Semantic Memory Disorders after SARS-CoV-2 Infection" Brain Sciences 12, no. 6: 714. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12060714

APA Style

Fiorentino, J., Payne, M., Cancian, E., Plonka, A., Dumas, L.-É., Chirio, D., Demonchy, É., Risso, K., Askenazy-Gittard, F., Guevara, N., Castillo, L., Robert, P., Manera, V., Vandersteen, C., & Gros, A. (2022). Correlations between Persistent Olfactory and Semantic Memory Disorders after SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Brain Sciences, 12(6), 714. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12060714

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