A Pilot Feasibility Study of Reconnecting to Internal Sensations and Experiences (RISE), a Mindfulness-Informed Intervention to Reduce Interoceptive Dysfunction and Suicidal Ideation, among University Students in India
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Study 1
2.1. Methods
2.1.1. Participants and Procedure
2.1.2. Measures
2.1.3. Data Analytic Plan
2.2. Results and Discussion
3. Study 2
3.1. Method
3.1.1. Participants and Procedure
3.1.2. Measures
Primary Outcomes
Secondary Outcomes
3.1.3. Data Analysis
3.1.4. Results and Discussion
Intervention Feasibility
Intervention Acceptability
Secondary Clinical Outcomes
Additional Clinical Outcomes
4. General Discussion
Strengths, Limitations and Future Directions
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | 2.53 (1.19) | 2.32 (1.18) | 2.43 (0.89) | 2.63 (0.97) | 3.17 (1.16) | 2.87 (1.20) | 2.25 (1.26) | 3.31 (1.24) | 0.67 (1.59) | ||
1. Noticing | − | ||||||||||
2. Not Distracting | −0.41 ** | - | |||||||||
3. Not Worrying + | −0.18 ** | 0.11 + | - | ||||||||
4. Attention Regulation | −0.43 ** | 0.21 ** | 0.16 ** | - | |||||||
5. Emotion Awareness | 0.52 ** | −0.29** | −0.15 * | 0.55 ** | - | ||||||
6. Self-Regulation | 0.36 ** | −0.09 | 0.11 * | 0.55 ** | 0.62 ** | - | |||||
7. Body Listening | 0.46 ** | −0.11 | −0.03 | 0.53 ** | 0.58 ** | 0.62 ** | - | ||||
8. Body Trust | 0.25 ** | −0.05 | 0.12 * | 0.51 ** | 0.44 ** | 0.55 ** | 0.44 ** | - | |||
9. Current SI | 0.10 | −0.18 ** | −0.12 * | −0.04 | 0.00 | −0.08 | −0.01 | −0.22 ** | - | ||
10. Past SI | 0.06 | −0.16 ** | −0.08 | −0.07 | −0.03 | −0.09 | −0.02 | −0.23 ** | 0.52 ** | - | |
11. Future SI ++ | 0.13 | −0.26 ** | −0.12 | 0.05 | 0.06 | −0.13 | −0.08 | −0.38 ** | 0.66 ** | X | - |
Pre | Post | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
M (SD) | M (SD) | t | p | D | |
Interoception | |||||
Attention Regulation | 2.76 (1.01) | 2.93 (1.11) | −1.02 | 0.31 | −0.18 |
Body Listening | 2.41 (1.11) | 2.90 (1.10) | −2.39 | 0.02 | −0.43 |
Emotional Awareness | 3.34 (1.10) | 3.54 (1.00) | −1.28 | 0.21 | −0.23 |
Not Distracting | 2.09 (1.06) | 2.39 (1.03) | −1.64 | 0.11 | −0.30 |
Noticing | 2.37 (1.19) | 2.77 (1.12) | −2.17 | 0.04 | −0.39 |
Not Worry | 2.59 (1.03) | 2.74 (0.95) | −1.04 | 0.31 | −0.19 |
Self-Regulation | 3.12 (1.31) | 3.40 (1.10) | −1.39 | 0.17 | −0.25 |
Trusting | 3.56 (1.26) | 3.73 (0.97) | −0.74 | 0.46 | −0.13 |
Psychological symptoms | 21.14 (15.63) | 19.59 (15.55) | 0.84 | 0.41 | 0.16 |
Disordered eating symptoms | 1.22 (0.62) | 0.96 (0.62) | 2.68 | 0.01 | 0.48 |
Suicidal ideation | 1.00 (2.02) | 0.71 (1.74) | 1.72 | 0.10 | 0.31 |
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Smith, A.R.; Kinkel-Ram, S.; Grunwald, W.; George, T.S.; Raval, V. A Pilot Feasibility Study of Reconnecting to Internal Sensations and Experiences (RISE), a Mindfulness-Informed Intervention to Reduce Interoceptive Dysfunction and Suicidal Ideation, among University Students in India. Brain Sci. 2022, 12, 237. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12020237
Smith AR, Kinkel-Ram S, Grunwald W, George TS, Raval V. A Pilot Feasibility Study of Reconnecting to Internal Sensations and Experiences (RISE), a Mindfulness-Informed Intervention to Reduce Interoceptive Dysfunction and Suicidal Ideation, among University Students in India. Brain Sciences. 2022; 12(2):237. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12020237
Chicago/Turabian StyleSmith, April R., Shruti Kinkel-Ram, William Grunwald, Tony Sam George, and Vaishali Raval. 2022. "A Pilot Feasibility Study of Reconnecting to Internal Sensations and Experiences (RISE), a Mindfulness-Informed Intervention to Reduce Interoceptive Dysfunction and Suicidal Ideation, among University Students in India" Brain Sciences 12, no. 2: 237. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12020237
APA StyleSmith, A. R., Kinkel-Ram, S., Grunwald, W., George, T. S., & Raval, V. (2022). A Pilot Feasibility Study of Reconnecting to Internal Sensations and Experiences (RISE), a Mindfulness-Informed Intervention to Reduce Interoceptive Dysfunction and Suicidal Ideation, among University Students in India. Brain Sciences, 12(2), 237. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12020237