P3b Amplitude and Latency in Tic Disorders: A Meta-Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Literature Search
2.2. Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria
2.3. Data Extraction
2.4. Data Analysis
Author | Year | Subjects (TD) | Subjects (HC) | Mean Age (TD) | Mean Age (HC) | Diagnosis | Diagnostic Criteria | Comorbidity | Modality | Reaction Method | Paradigm | Electrode (Average) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Morand-Beaulieu S [41] | 2022 | 47 | 35 | 11.0 ± 1.7 | 11.4 ± 1.6 | TS | DSM-IV-TR | none | Visual | Keypress | Go/NoGo task | Pz |
Kloft L [36] | 2019 | 12 | 21 | 33.6 ± 8.8 | 30.9 ± 7.8 | TD | DSM-IV | All patients with OCD | Visual | Keypress | Stop-signal task | Cz |
Petruo V [38] | 2019 | 35 | 39 | 12.97 ± 2.52 | Matched with the TS | TS | ICD-10 | 3 patients with ADHD and 11 with OCD | Auditory | Keypress | Go/NoGo task | P7, P8 |
Sauvé G [34] | 2017 | 12 | 15 | 33 ± 9 | 31 ± 9 | TD | DSM-IV-TR | none | Visual | Keypress | Oddball | AF4/FC4/CP6/AF2/FC2/CP2/F6/C6/P6/F4/C4/P4/F2/C2/P2 |
Lange F [25] | 2017 | 23 | 26 | 32.7 ± 11.11 | 32.88 ± 11.23 | TS | DSM-5 | unknown | Visual | Keypress | Wisconsin Card Sorting Test | Pz |
Morand-Beaulieu S [27] | 2016 | 26 | 27 | 38 ± 11.9 | 36 ± 13.0 | TS and chronic TD | DSM-IV-TR | none | Visual | Keypress | A reinforcement-based learning and reversal task | CP1/CP2/CP5/CP6/P1/P2/P3/P4/P5/P6 |
Morand-Beaulieu S [27] | 2016 | 26 | 27 | 38 ± 11.9 | 36 ± 13.0 | TS and chronic TD | DSM-IV-TR | none | Visual | Counts | A reinforcement-based learning and reversal task | CP1/CP2/CP5/CP6/P1/P2/P3/P4/P5/P6 |
Eichele H [33] | 2016 | 25 | 35 | 9.87 ± 0.24 | 10.04 ± 0.21 | TS | DSM-IV | 14 patients with ADHD | Visual | Keypress | A modified Eriksen-Flanker task | FC1/FC2/Cz/CP1/CP2 |
Shephard E [42] | 2016 | 18 | 20 | 13.18 ± 2.78 | 13.03 ± 2.9 | TS | unknown | none | Visual | Keypress | A reinforcement-based learning and reversal task | Pz |
Thibault G [28] | 2009 | 15 | 20 | 37 ± 8 | 40 ± 12 | TS | DSM-IV-TR | none | Visual | Keypress | A stimulus–response compatibility paradigm | P3, P4, CP3, CP4 |
Thibault G [37] | 2008 | 14 | 14 | 32 ± 10 | 37 ± 13 | TS | DSM-IV-TR | none | Visual | Counts | Oddball | CP3/TP7/P3/T5/O1/CP4/TP8/P4/T6/O2 |
Zhu Y [26] | 2006 | 19 | 20 | 11.169 ± 1.214 | 11.459 ± 1.146 | TS | DSM-IV | none | Auditory | Keypress | Oddball | Pz |
Johannes S [43] | 2003 | 10 | 10 | 34.4 ± 15.3 | 33.7 ± 13.7 | TS | DSM-IV | 2 patients with ADHD, 2 with OCD and 1 with both disorders. | Visual | Keypress | Stroop-paradigm | Pz |
Rothenberger A [39] | 2000 | 11 | 11 | 12.1 ± 2.5 | 11.5 ± 2.1 | TD | DSM-III-R | All patients with ADHD | Auditory | Keypress | An auditory selective-attention task | P3, P4 |
Johannes S [29] | 1997 | 12 | 12 | 32.9 | Matched with the TS | TS | DSM III -R | All patients with OCD and 3 with ADHD | Visual | Keypress | Oddball | Pz |
Oades RD [44] | 1996 | 10 | 12 | 11.7 ± 2.2 | 10.4 ± 1.3 | TS | DSM III -R | unknown | Auditory | None | Oddball | Pz |
Van Woerkom (1) [45] | 1994 | 24 | 24 | 27 ± 3.5 | 28 ± 3.3 | TS | DSM III -R | unknown | Auditory | Keypress | Oddball | Pz |
Van Woerkom (1) [45] | 1994 | 24 | 24 | 27 ± 3.5 | 28 ± 3.3 | TS | DSM III -R | unknown | Auditory | None | Oddball | Pz |
Van Woerkom (2) [45] | 1994 | 29 | 17 | 12.5 ± 1.52 | 13.4 ± 1.35 | TS | DSM III -R | unknown | Auditory | Keypress | Oddball | Pz |
Van Woerkom (2) [45] | 1994 | 29 | 17 | 12.5 ± 1.52 | 13.4 ± 1.35 | TS | DSM III -R | unknown | Auditory | None | Oddball | Pz |
Drake ME [35] | 1992 | 20 | 20 | 8–20 | 10–30 | TS | DSM-IIIR | 10 patients with ADHD and 6 with OCD | Auditory | Keypress | Oddball | Cz/A1/A2 |
Van Woerkom (1) [46] | 1988 | 20 | 20 | 27 | 28 | TS | DSM-III | unknown | Auditory | Keypress | Oddball | Pz |
Van Woerkom (2) [46] | 1988 | 20 | 20 | 27 | 28 | TS | DSM-III | unknown | Auditory | Counts | Oddball | Pz |
van de Wetering [47] | 1985 | 6 | 16 | 28 | 23 | TS | DSM-III | unknown | Auditory | Counts | Oddball | Pz |
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of Individual Studies
3.2. Meta-Analyses
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Amplitude | Latency | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
k | p | I2(%) | SMD (95%CI) | k | p | I2 (%) | SMD (95%CI) | |
Age group | ||||||||
Adult | 11 | 0.000 | 77.10% | −0.46 (−0.91, −0.01) | 11 | 0.848 | 0.00% | −0.12 (−0.32, 0.09) |
Child | 8 | 0.000 | 92.30% | 0.60 (−0.21, 1.41) | 9 | 0.961 | 0.00% | −0.04 (−0.24, 0.16) |
Paradigm | ||||||||
Oddball | 10 | 0.000 | 77.20% | −0.56 (−1.04, −0.08) | 11 | 0.949 | 0.00% | −0.05 (−0.25, 0.15) |
Other | 9 | 0.000 | 89.00% | 0.50 (−0.14, 1.14) | 9 | 0.788 | 0.00% | −0.14 (−0.34, 0.06) |
Modality | ||||||||
Visual | 11 | 0.000 | 90.90% | 0.17 (−0.51, 0.84) | 11 | 0.852 | 0.00% | −0.08 (−0.27, 0.11) |
Auditory | 8 | 0.000 | 85.80% | −0.26 (−0.91, 0.39) | 9 | 0.903 | 0.00% | −0.12 (−0.33, 0.10) |
Comorbidity | ||||||||
None | 7 | 0.000 | 83.70% | −0.16 (−0.75, 0.43) | 7 | 0.878 | 0.00% | −0.04 (−0.27, 0.18) |
Yes | 6 | 0.000 | 93.40% | 0.38 (−0.8, 1.55) | 7 | 0.728 | 0.00% | −0.09 (−0.33, 0.15) |
Unknown | 6 | 0.000 | 88.60% | −0.20 (−1.06, 0.65) | 6 | 0.785 | 0.00% | −0.18 (−0.45, 0.09) |
Reaction method | ||||||||
Keypress | 16 | 0.000 | 90.50% | −0.16 (−0.69, 0.37) | 17 | 0.906 | 0.00% | −0.07 (−0.22, 0.07) |
Counts | 4 | 0.000 | 84.60% | −0.46 (−1.39, 0.47) | 4 | 0.935 | 0.00% | −0.11 (−0.44, 0.22) |
None | 3 | 0.000 | 93.10% | 0.10 (−1.48, 1.68) | 3 | 0.493 | 0.00% | −0.17 (−0.54, 0.2) |
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Yang, Y.; Yang, H.; Deng, Y.; Yu, T.; Luo, R. P3b Amplitude and Latency in Tic Disorders: A Meta-Analysis. Brain Sci. 2022, 12, 1712. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12121712
Yang Y, Yang H, Deng Y, Yu T, Luo R. P3b Amplitude and Latency in Tic Disorders: A Meta-Analysis. Brain Sciences. 2022; 12(12):1712. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12121712
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Yue, Hua Yang, Yao Deng, Tao Yu, and Rong Luo. 2022. "P3b Amplitude and Latency in Tic Disorders: A Meta-Analysis" Brain Sciences 12, no. 12: 1712. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12121712