Exosomes in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Current Perspectives and Future Challenges
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Characteristics of Exosomes
2.1. The Biogenesis of Exosomes
2.2. Contents of Exosomes
2.3. Exosomes Uptake in Recipient Cells during Intercellular Communication
3. Exosomes Profile Changes after Is Chemia-Reperfusion in Brain
3.1. Neurons-Derived Exosomes
3.2. Astrocytes-Derived Exosomes
3.3. Oligodendrocytes-Derived Exosomes
3.4. Endothelial Cells-Derived Exosomes
3.5. Microglia-Derived Exosomes
4. Effects of Exosomes in Cerebral I/R Injury
4.1. Exosomes Effects on Neurogenesis
4.2. Exosomes Effects on Angiogenesis
4.3. Exosomes Effects on Immune Regulation
5. Exosomes-Based Therapy and Application in Cerebral I/R Injury
5.1. MSCs-Derived Exosomes
5.2. NSCs-Derived Exosomes
5.3. IPSCs-Derived Exosomes
Stem Cells | Contents | Mechanism | Function | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|
MSCs | miR-26b-5p | CH25H | Microglial M1 polarization | [77] |
miR-133b | N/A | Neurite outgrown | [95,96] | |
miR-17-92 | PTEN/Akt | Neural plasticity | [97] | |
N/A | NF-kB | Angiogenesis | [98] | |
PEDF | Autophagy | neuronal apoptosis | [99] | |
miR-22-3p | IRF5 | Microglial M1 polarization | [100] | |
miR-223-3p | CysLT2R | Microglial M2 polarization | [101] | |
miR-146a-5p | IRAK1/TRAF6 | Neuro-inflammation | [102] | |
miR-138-5p | lipocalin 2 | Proliferation of astrocytes Inflammation | [103] | |
miR-221 | ATF3 | Inflammation Neuronal apoptosis | [104] | |
NSCs | N/A | Bcl-2 | Apoptosis Mitochondrial ultrastructure | [115] |
N/A | IL-10, TGF-β1 | Inflammation | [117] | |
iPSCs | N/A | STAT3 | Angiogenesis | [122] |
N/A | PTEN/Akt | neurite outgrowth | [124] |
5.4. The Limitations of Exosomes-Based Therapy in Cerebral I/R Injury
6. Conclusions and Prospect
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Zhou, C.; Zhou, F.; He, Y.; Liu, Y.; Cao, Y. Exosomes in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Current Perspectives and Future Challenges. Brain Sci. 2022, 12, 1657. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12121657
Zhou C, Zhou F, He Y, Liu Y, Cao Y. Exosomes in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Current Perspectives and Future Challenges. Brain Sciences. 2022; 12(12):1657. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12121657
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhou, Chao, Fating Zhou, Yarong He, Yan Liu, and Yu Cao. 2022. "Exosomes in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Current Perspectives and Future Challenges" Brain Sciences 12, no. 12: 1657. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12121657
APA StyleZhou, C., Zhou, F., He, Y., Liu, Y., & Cao, Y. (2022). Exosomes in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Current Perspectives and Future Challenges. Brain Sciences, 12(12), 1657. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12121657