Impact of Early Rhythmic Training on Language Acquisition and Electrophysiological Functioning Underlying Auditory Processing: Feasibility and Preliminary Findings in Typically Developing Infants
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Procedure and Study Design
2.3. Tools
2.3.1. Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development
2.3.2. The Brief Music Experience Questionnaire
2.3.3. EEG paradigm, Data Acquisition and Pre-Processing
- N2*: 250–400 ms for DEVD (peak amplitude and latency).
- P2: 250–350 ms for DEVF (different waveform, peak amplitude and latency).
- MMR: 350–550 ms for STD and DEVF and 420–620 ms for DEVD (different waveforms, mean amplitude).
2.4. Early Rhythmic Training
2.5. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Behavioral Pre-Training Assessment
3.2. Effect of Training on Language Skills
3.3. Preliminary Findings on the ERP Oddball Paradigm
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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A | ||||
RTr+ (N = 15) | RTr− (N = 14) | t (df) | p | |
Socioeconomic status a | 68.00 (16.56) | 70.00 (17.97) | 0.312 (27) | 0.758 |
Maternal education level b | 63.33 (15.89) | 64.29 (10.16) | 0.191 (27) | 0.850 |
Paternal education level b | 55.00 (13.76) | 50.71 (19.79) | −0.681 (27) | 0.502 |
B | ||||
RTr+ Subsample with ERP Data (N = 11) | RTr− Sample with ERP Data (N = 14) | t (df) | p | |
Socioeconomic status a | 58.18 (17.22) | 66.07 (12.43) | 0.164 (23) | 0.196 |
Maternal education level b | 59.09 (18.14) | 59.29 (13.28) | 0.031 (23) | 0.976 |
Paternal education level b | 51.36 (13.43) | 55.38 (8.77) | 0.881 (23) | 0.388 |
(A) Bayley Language Scale—Receptive Communication Subtest | ||||
RTr− | RTr+ | t (27) | p | |
Pre-training | 11.46 (1.34) | 11.60 (0.74) | −0.335 | 0.735 |
Post-training | 14.86 (1.23) | 16.40 (2.23) | −2.283 | 0.031 |
(B) Bayley Language Scale—Expressive Communication Subtest | ||||
RTr− | RTr+ | t (27) | p | |
Pre-training | 10.32 (1.64) | 10.00 (1.54) | 0.546 | 0.590 |
Post-training | 15.79 (1.63) | 17.00 (1.93) | −1.827 | 0.079 |
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Dondena, C.; Riva, V.; Molteni, M.; Musacchia, G.; Cantiani, C. Impact of Early Rhythmic Training on Language Acquisition and Electrophysiological Functioning Underlying Auditory Processing: Feasibility and Preliminary Findings in Typically Developing Infants. Brain Sci. 2021, 11, 1546. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11111546
Dondena C, Riva V, Molteni M, Musacchia G, Cantiani C. Impact of Early Rhythmic Training on Language Acquisition and Electrophysiological Functioning Underlying Auditory Processing: Feasibility and Preliminary Findings in Typically Developing Infants. Brain Sciences. 2021; 11(11):1546. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11111546
Chicago/Turabian StyleDondena, Chiara, Valentina Riva, Massimo Molteni, Gabriella Musacchia, and Chiara Cantiani. 2021. "Impact of Early Rhythmic Training on Language Acquisition and Electrophysiological Functioning Underlying Auditory Processing: Feasibility and Preliminary Findings in Typically Developing Infants" Brain Sciences 11, no. 11: 1546. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11111546