Physical Activity Amount and Cognitive Impairment in Korean Elderly Population
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Participants
2.2. Korean Dementia Screening Questionnaire Cognition (KDSQ-C)
2.3. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)
2.4. Blood Collection and Hemoglobin, Creatinine, and Serum Lipid Analysis
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Associations between Physical Activity and Cognitive Function
3.2. Hemoglobin, Creatinine, and Serum Lipids
3.3. Correlations Coefficients between KDSQ-C Scores and MVPA Amounts
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AD | Alzheimer’s disease |
ACSM | American College of Sports Medicine |
CDC | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) |
KDSQ-C | Korean Dementia Screening Questionnaire Cognition |
IPAQ | International Physical Activity Questionnaire |
MVPA | Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity |
NIHMID | Nasaret International Hospital Medical Informatics Data |
TC | Total cholesterol |
TG | Triglycerides |
HDL-C | High-density lipoprotein cholesterol |
LDL-C | Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol |
ORs | Odds ratios |
CIs | Confidence intervals |
MMSE | Mini-Mental State Examination |
WHO | World Health Organization |
SPSS | Statistical package for social science |
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Variables | Male (n = 1348) | Female (n = 1398) | p-Value | Post-hoc | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normality (n = 1232) a | Cognitive Impairment (n = 116) b | Normality (n = 1153) c | Cognitive Impairment (n = 245) d | |||
Age (years) | 70.60 ± 5.03 | 74.50 ± 6.76 | 71.65 ± 5.39 | 74.73 ± 7.07 | <0.000 | a vs. b, c, d b vs. c c vs. d |
Height (cm) | 166.3 ± 5.69 | 165.8 ± 5.86 | 152.9 ± 5.42 | 165.2 ± 5.75 | <0.000 | a vs. c, d b vs. c, d |
Weight (kg) | 66.98 ± 9.32 | 65.50 ± 10.70 | 57.82 ± 8.62 | 56.30 ± 8.60 | <0.000 | a vs. c, d b vs. c, d |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.18 ± 2.83 | 23.79 ± 3.43 | 24.72 ± 3.27 | 24.27 ± 3.32 | <0.000 | a vs. c b vs. c |
WC (cm) | 84.99 ± 7.65 | 84.00 ± 9.10 | 81.40 ± 8.29 | 81.70 ± 8.97 | <0.000 | a vs. c, d b vs. c |
SBP (mmHg) | 131.0 ± 14.5 | 129.6 ± 15.5 | 132.8 ± 15.1 | 133.1 ± 17.5 | 0.007 | a vs. c |
DBP (mmHg) | 76.46 ± 9.28 | 74.38 ± 9.89 | 76.78 ± 9.49 | 76.01 ± 10.06 | 0.071 | - |
Unadjusted | Adjusted a | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | p-Value | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | |
Physical activity Engaging in 150 min MVPA per week Not engaging in 150 min MVPA per week | 1.00 1.63 (1.28–2.08) | <0.000 | 1.00 1.35 (1.05–1.74) | 0.019 |
Variables | Normality Elderly | Cognitive Impairment Elderly | p-Value | Post-Hoc | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
≥150 Min (n = 932) a | <150 Min (n = 1453) b | ≥150 Min (n = 102) c | <150 Min (n = 259) d | |||
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 14.76 ± 1.30 | 13.74 ± 1.38 | 14.51 ± 1.57 | 13.20 ± 1.31 | <0.000 | a vs. b, d b vs. c, d c vs. d |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.09 ± 0.56 | 0.90 ± 0.24 | 1.10 ± 0.26 | 0.93 ± 0.48 | <0.000 | a vs. b, d b vs. c c vs. d |
TC (mg/dL) | 184.8 ± 37.7 | 191.3 ± 40.6 | 168.0 ± 40.9 | 191.8 ± 43.6 | <0.000 | a vs. b, c b vs. c c vs. d |
TG (mg/dL) | 111.3 ± 64.2 | 120.7 ± 71.6 | 101.9 ± 54.0 | 117.6 ± 62.2 | 0.018 | - |
LDL-C (mg/dL) | 108.8 ± 34.5 | 111.2 ± 36.5 | 95.6 ± 33.1 | 115.0 ± 36.8 | 0.002 | a vs. c b vs. c c vs. d |
HDL-C (mg/dL) | 56.31 ± 13.3 | 53.58 ± 13.8 | 55.43 ± 12.5 | 53.21 ± 18.0 | 0.001 | a vs. b |
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Lim, S.-T.; Jung, Y.Z.; Akama, T.; Lee, E. Physical Activity Amount and Cognitive Impairment in Korean Elderly Population. Brain Sci. 2020, 10, 804. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10110804
Lim S-T, Jung YZ, Akama T, Lee E. Physical Activity Amount and Cognitive Impairment in Korean Elderly Population. Brain Sciences. 2020; 10(11):804. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10110804
Chicago/Turabian StyleLim, Seung-Taek, Yung Zoon Jung, Takao Akama, and Eunjae Lee. 2020. "Physical Activity Amount and Cognitive Impairment in Korean Elderly Population" Brain Sciences 10, no. 11: 804. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10110804