Feasibility and Safety of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in an Outpatient Rehabilitation Setting After Stroke
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Clinical Setting
2.3. tDCS Training and Administration
2.4. Feasibility
2.5. Safety
2.6. Statistics
3. Results
3.1. Feasibility and Training Details
3.2. Safety
4. Discussion
4.1. Feasibility
4.2. Safety
4.3. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A. tDCS Attitude and Impressions Participant Survey
- (1)
- What are your impressions about transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)? Some examples of things to consider are length of time, intensity, side effects, perceived barriers and benefits).
- (2)
- What did you like about tDCS?
- (3)
- What did you dislike about tDCS?
- (4)
- Is there anything about the tDCS treatment that you would change?
- (5)
- Before you received tDCS, how did you hope to benefit from it?
- (6)
- Do you feel that you benefited from tDCS? Please explain.
- (7)
- Did you receive tDCS as frequently as you would have liked? Please explain. How often would you have ideally received tDCS?
- (8)
- Did you experience any negative side effects from tDCS or the exercise with which it was paired?
- (9)
- Is there anything you would change about the treatment using tDCS?
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
Strongly disagree | Strongly agree |
- (1)
- I noticed an improvement in my walking following the use of tDCS.
- (2)
- I felt like I had more energy following my tDCS session.
- (3)
- I noticed more movement in my affected leg following tDCS.
- (4)
- I was more fatigued after tDCS.
- (5)
- I would recommend tDCS to other individuals who have had a stroke.
- (6)
- I have noticed an improvement in my ability to walk around the home.
- (7)
- I am walking more often out in the community.
Appendix B. tDCS Side Effects Survey
- (1)
- Did you experience any discomfort or annoyance during any session involving electrical stimulation? Please answer the following questions regarding the different sensations and indicate the degree of intensity of your discomfort according to the following scale:
- None = I did not feel the described sensation (0)
- Mild = I mildly felt the described sensation (1)
- Moderate = I felt the described sensation (2)
- Considerable = I felt the described sensation to a considerable degree (3)
- Strong = I strongly felt the described sensation (4)
Itching: | □ None | □ Mild | □ Moderate | □ Considerable | □ Strong |
Tingling: | □ None | □ Mild | □ Moderate | □ Considerable | □ Strong |
Pain: | □ None | □ Mild | □ Moderate | □ Considerable | □ Strong |
Burning: | □ None | □ Mild | □ Moderate | □ Considerable | □ Strong |
Warmth/Heat: | □ None | □ Mild | □ Moderate | □ Considerable | □ Strong |
Pinching: | □ None | □ Mild | □ Moderate | □ Considerable | □ Strong |
Metallic/Iron taste: | □ None | □ Mild | □ Moderate | □ Considerable | □ Strong |
Fatigue: | □ None | □ Mild | □ Moderate | □ Considerable | □ Strong |
Headache: | □ None | □ Mild | □ Moderate | □ Considerable | □ Strong |
Skin redness: | □ None | □ Mild | □ Moderate | □ Considerable | □ Strong |
Other: __________ | □ None | □ Mild | □ Moderate | □ Considerable | □ Strong |
- (2)
- When did any discomfort begin?
- (3)
- How long did it last?
- (4)
- How much did these sensations affect your performance?
- (5)
- Were these sensations located over the head or in a different location?
- (6)
- If you experienced any pain during the electrical stimulation, please mark how much your pain was on this scale from 0 to 10.
- (7)
- Do you have any other comments related to side effects of tDCS?
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Gender | Age (Years) | Race | Time Since Stroke (Months) | Stroke Location | Stroke Type | Paretic Limb | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | M | 55 | C | 3.6 | frontoparietal | H | L |
T2 | M | 67 | AA | 5.4 | - | - | L |
T3 | M | 57 | AA | 5.3 | frontal, insula | I | R |
T4 | F | 65 | C | 1.0 | medulla | - | R |
T5 | M | 64 | C | 4.0 | pons | I | L |
T6 | M | 54 | AA | 2.6 | basal ganglia | H | L |
T7 | M | 56 | C | 2.7 | MCA | I | R |
Group | M = 6 | 59.7 (5.4) | C = 4 | 3.5 (1.6) | C = 3 | I = 3 | L = 4 |
F = 1 | AA = 3 | SC = 3 | H = 2 | R = 3 |
Acute Effects | ||
Pre Session | Post Session | |
ROF | 2.6 (1.3) | 6.2 (0.9) * |
PSFS | 4.3 (2.0) | 5.3 (1.9) * |
Pre-Post Effects | ||
Pre Study | Post Study | |
VAS-F | 71.8 (17.3) | 70.8 (24.7) |
fatigue | 39.9 (26.1) | 36.1 (23.8) |
energy | 25.3 (8.4) | 30.8 (6.3) * |
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Cleland, B.T.; Galick, M.; Huckstep, A.; Lenhart, L.; Madhavan, S. Feasibility and Safety of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in an Outpatient Rehabilitation Setting After Stroke. Brain Sci. 2020, 10, 719. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10100719
Cleland BT, Galick M, Huckstep A, Lenhart L, Madhavan S. Feasibility and Safety of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in an Outpatient Rehabilitation Setting After Stroke. Brain Sciences. 2020; 10(10):719. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10100719
Chicago/Turabian StyleCleland, Brice T., Melissa Galick, Amy Huckstep, Laura Lenhart, and Sangeetha Madhavan. 2020. "Feasibility and Safety of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in an Outpatient Rehabilitation Setting After Stroke" Brain Sciences 10, no. 10: 719. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10100719