Implications on Livelihoods and the Environment of Uptake of Gasifier Cook Stoves among Kenya’s Rural Households
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Selection of Households and Training in Gasifier Use
2.3. Gasifier Cook Stove
2.4. Household Survey
2.5. Data Analysis
2.6. Limitations of the Study
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Stoves Used by the Households before the Gasifier
3.2. Direct Impacts of Gasifier Uptake on Household Livelihoods
3.2.1. Reduced Fuel Consumption and Time Spent in Collecting Firewood
3.2.2. Reduced Expenditure on Cooking Fuel
3.2.3. Reducing Time Spent on Cooking
3.2.4. Improved Kitchen Conditions
3.2.5. Diversification of Fuel Types Used
3.3. Potential Implications of Gasifier Cook Stove Uptake
3.3.1. Income Generation
3.3.2. Increased Food Production
3.3.3. Impacts on the Environment and Climate Challenges
3.3.4. Reduced Health Problems
3.4. Contribution of the Biochar-Producing Gasifier Cooking Systems to Development
3.5. Challenges with the Use of the Gasifier Stove
4. Conclusions and Recommendations
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Member(s) of the Household Involved in Collecting Firewood | Percent of Households |
---|---|
Female head only | 30.6 |
Male head + female head | 16.3 |
Female head + young female + young male | 22.5 |
Female head + girls + boys | 16.3 |
Male head only | 4.1 |
Young male only | 2.0 |
Male head + female head + girls | 2.0 |
Female head + young female + boys + girls | 2.0 |
Male head+ female head + young male + young female | 2.0 |
Female head + young female + hired labour | 2.0 |
Fuel | Easy to Prepare | Charcoal Production | Easy to Light | Hot Flame | Burning Period | Total Score |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Neem (Azadirachta indica) | 4 | 20 | 5 | 15 | 18 | 62 |
Coconut (Cocos nucifera) shells | 12 | 4 | 20 | 20 | 3 | 59 |
Mango (Mangifera indica) firewood | 8 | 8 | 4 | 5 | 15 | 40 |
Maize (Zea mays) cob | 18 | 3 | 10 | 1 | 4 | 36 |
Casuarina (Casuarina equisetifolia) | 3 | 10 | 8 | 7 | 5 | 33 |
Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 20 |
Total | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 250 |
Fuel | Availability | Frequency of Use | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Matuga | Ng’ombeni | Matuga | Ng’ombeni | |
Coconut shell | 5 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
Casuarina | 4 | 4 | 5 | 15 |
Mango firewood | 11 | 10 | 15 | 7 |
Cashew nut | 20 | 7 | 18 | 4 |
Neem | 7 | 24 | 7 | 19 |
Maize cob | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Total | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 |
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Gitau, J.K.; Mutune, J.; Sundberg, C.; Mendum, R.; Njenga, M. Implications on Livelihoods and the Environment of Uptake of Gasifier Cook Stoves among Kenya’s Rural Households. Appl. Sci. 2019, 9, 1205. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9061205
Gitau JK, Mutune J, Sundberg C, Mendum R, Njenga M. Implications on Livelihoods and the Environment of Uptake of Gasifier Cook Stoves among Kenya’s Rural Households. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9(6):1205. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9061205
Chicago/Turabian StyleGitau, James K., Jane Mutune, Cecilia Sundberg, Ruth Mendum, and Mary Njenga. 2019. "Implications on Livelihoods and the Environment of Uptake of Gasifier Cook Stoves among Kenya’s Rural Households" Applied Sciences 9, no. 6: 1205. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9061205
APA StyleGitau, J. K., Mutune, J., Sundberg, C., Mendum, R., & Njenga, M. (2019). Implications on Livelihoods and the Environment of Uptake of Gasifier Cook Stoves among Kenya’s Rural Households. Applied Sciences, 9(6), 1205. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9061205