Remediation of Organically Contaminated Soil Through the Combination of Assisted Phytoremediation and Bioaugmentation
1
NEIKER-Tecnalia, Department of Conservation of Natural Resources, Soil Microbial Ecology Group, c/ Berreaga 1, E-48160 Derio, Spain
2
Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
3
Instituto BIOFISIKA (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(22), 4757; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9224757
Received: 21 October 2019 / Revised: 3 November 2019 / Accepted: 4 November 2019 / Published: 7 November 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Potentially Toxic Elements in Contaminated Soils: Green Remediation Strategies)
Here, we aimed to bioremediate organically contaminated soil with Brassica napus and a bacterial consortium. The bioaugmentation consortium consisted of four endophyte strains that showed plant growth-promoting traits (three Pseudomonas and one Microbacterium) plus three strains with the capacity to degrade organic compounds (Burkholderia xenovorans LB400, Paenibacillus sp. and Lysinibacillus sp.). The organically contaminated soil was supplemented with rhamnolipid biosurfactant and sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate to increase the degradability of the sorbed contaminants. Soils were treated with organic amendments (composted horse manure vs. dried cow slurry) to promote plant growth and stimulate soil microbial activity. Apart from quantification of the expected decrease in contaminant concentrations (total petroleum hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), the effectiveness of our approach was assessed in terms of the recovery of soil health, as reflected by the values of different microbial indicators of soil health. Although the applied treatments did not achieve a significant decrease in contaminant concentrations, a significant improvement of soil health was observed in our amended soils (especially in soils amended with dried cow slurry), pointing out a not-so-uncommon situation in which remediation efforts fail from the point of view of the reduction in contaminant concentrations while succeeding to recover soil health.
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Keywords:
bioremediation; microbial indicators; polluted soil; soil health; soil quality
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MDPI and ACS Style
Anza, M.; Salazar, O.; Epelde, L.; Becerril, J.M.; Alkorta, I.; Garbisu, C. Remediation of Organically Contaminated Soil Through the Combination of Assisted Phytoremediation and Bioaugmentation. Appl. Sci. 2019, 9, 4757.
AMA Style
Anza M, Salazar O, Epelde L, Becerril JM, Alkorta I, Garbisu C. Remediation of Organically Contaminated Soil Through the Combination of Assisted Phytoremediation and Bioaugmentation. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9(22):4757.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnza, Mikel; Salazar, Oihane; Epelde, Lur; Becerril, José M.; Alkorta, Itziar; Garbisu, Carlos. 2019. "Remediation of Organically Contaminated Soil Through the Combination of Assisted Phytoremediation and Bioaugmentation" Appl. Sci. 9, no. 22: 4757.
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