Relay-Enabled Task Offloading Management for Wireless Body Area Networks
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Related Work
3. System Model
3.1. System Architecture
3.2. Computation Model
3.3. Channel Characterization
4. Proposed Resource Management Solution
4.1. Network Initialization Phase
4.2. Local Decision Process
Algorithm 1. Proposed Iterative Relay Selection Method |
The relay and implanted sensor sets are denoted as and . Initialization: each relay is assigned a unique ID; select the x-th relay as the target to connect; for a specific implanted sensor ; current round r; current residual energy status ; For do calculate the distance between the implanted sensor and the i-th relay: calculate the relay’s residual energy: ; If then //do nothing, x is still the best choice so far; Else x = i;//i-th relay becomes a better choice; End if End for establish a link between the implanted sensor and the x-th relay; Update , |
4.3. Data Offloading Process
Algorithm 2. Proposed Iterative Task Offloading Strategy |
Initialize,, The task with a size of received according to Algorithm 1; Update according to Equation (3); If or Then execute the task locally according to Equations (5)–(8) Else with a minimal value is selected according to Equation (25); offload task to relay j according to Equations (9)–(12); End if While do execute the task on j-th relay according to Equations (5)–(8); Else offload task to the C-MEC according to Equations (9)–(12); End while |
4.4. Scheduling and Data Transmission
5. Results and Discussion
5.1. Link Quality Analysis
5.2. Network Topology
5.3. Performance Evaluation
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type | Node ID | X-Coordinate | Y-Coordinate |
---|---|---|---|
On-body relay | 1 | 0.2 | 1.65 |
2 | 0.1 | 1.5 | |
3 | 0.65 | 1.5 | |
4 | 0.25 | 0.8 | |
5 | 0.7 | 1 | |
Implanted sensor | − | 0.4 | 0.85 |
C-MEC | − | 2.5 | 2.5 |
Parameter | Value (Unit) |
---|---|
1500 bits | |
1000 bits | |
c | 3 × 108 ms−1 |
300 kHz | |
10−11 | |
2 | |
1.97 nJ (bit)−1 | |
0.12 × 10−9 nJ (bit)−1 | |
0.3064 nJ (bit)−1 | |
16.7 nJ (bit)−1 | |
36.1 nJ (bit)−1 | |
17 dB | |
10−3 | |
4.15 dB | |
48.4 dB | |
PL exponent n | 5.9 |
Initial power | 0.5 J |
Number of relays | 5 |
Bandwidth B | 300 kHz |
Boltzmann constant v | 1.38 × 10−23 |
Environment temperature | 290 K |
Transmission power | −12 dBm |
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Liao, Y.; Yu, Q.; Han, Y.; Leeson, M.S. Relay-Enabled Task Offloading Management for Wireless Body Area Networks. Appl. Sci. 2018, 8, 1409. https://doi.org/10.3390/app8081409
Liao Y, Yu Q, Han Y, Leeson MS. Relay-Enabled Task Offloading Management for Wireless Body Area Networks. Applied Sciences. 2018; 8(8):1409. https://doi.org/10.3390/app8081409
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiao, Yangzhe, Quan Yu, Yi Han, and Mark S. Leeson. 2018. "Relay-Enabled Task Offloading Management for Wireless Body Area Networks" Applied Sciences 8, no. 8: 1409. https://doi.org/10.3390/app8081409