Low-Field NMR and MRI to Analyze the Effect of Edible Coating Incorporated with MAP on Qualities of Half-Smooth Tongue Sole (Cynoglossus Semilaevis Günther) Fillets during Refrigerated Storage
Abstract
:Featured Application
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Preparation of Edible Coating Solution
2.2. Immersion Treatment of Fillets
2.3. MAP Treatment of Fillets
2.4. LF-NMR Analysis
2.5. MRI Analysis
2.6. Water Content
2.7. Fat Content
2.8. TVB-N Value
2.9. K Value
2.10. Ca2+-ATPase Activity
2.11. Malondialdehyde (MDA) Value
2.12. Sensory Scores
2.13. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Quality Attributes
3.2. Measurements of LF-NMR
3.3. Analysis of MRI
3.4. Linear Regression Analysis
3.5. Analysis of PCA
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Storage Time (Day) | T21 (ms) | T22 (ms) | T23 (ms) | pT21 | pT22 | pT23 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0d | 0.079 ± 0.002 | 75.65 ± 2.79 | 1232.84 ± 5.4 | 1.96 ± 0.13 | 87.63 ± 3.26 | 10.41 ± 0.56 |
12d | ||||||
CK1 | 0.15 ± 0.02 | 79.38 ± 1.84 | 932.60 ± 3.82 | 1.78 ± 0.21 | 77.83 ± 2.18 | 20.39 ± 0.93 |
CK2 | 0.064 ± 0.003 | 65.79 ± 3.27 | 717.13 ± 4.92 | 1.74 ± 0.09 | 79.19 ± 2.84 | 19.12 ± 1.13 |
C1 | 0.166 ± 0.046 | 75.83 ± 2.64 | 705.48 ± 4.04 | 1.84 ± 0.34 | 81.23 ± 3.16 | 16.93 ± 0.92 |
C2 | 0.194 ± 0.032 | 69.79 ± 2.18 | 533.67 ± 1.84 | 1.83 ± 0.22 | 84.98 ± 2.21 | 13.19 ± 1.26 |
C3 | 0.141 ± 0.027 | 73.93 ± 2.35 | 642.84 ± 3.15 | 1.74 ± 0.13 | 85.13 ± 2.19 | 13.11 ± 1.17 |
24d | ||||||
CK1 | 0.15 ± 0.026 | 65.79 ± 4.19 | 1072.27 ± 4.2 | 1.84 ± 0.08 | 69.29 ± 3.17 | 28.87 ± 1.04 |
CK2 | 0.132 ± 0.025 | 73.19 ± 2.83 | 1232.85 ± 6.8 | 1.86 ± 0.13 | 70.54 ± 2.56 | 27.6 ± 1.22 |
C1 | 0.116 ± 0.011 | 86.97 ± 3.62 | 1417.48 ± 3.2 | 1.79 ± 0.36 | 73.19 ± 3.9 | 25.02 ± 1.47 |
C2 | 0.102 ± 0.027 | 68.59 ± 2.91 | 1069.57 ± 5.6 | 1.85 ± 0.32 | 79.92 ± 2.89 | 18.23 ± 1.02 |
C3 | 0.107 ± 0.034 | 74.27 ± 3.15 | 1243.38 ± 3.9 | 1.92 ± 0.24 | 80.18 ± 3.04 | 17.9 ± 0.93 |
Groups | T2 | TVB-N | K Value | Moisture Content | Fat Content | Activity of Ca2+-ATPase | MDA | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK1 | pT21 | R | −0.116 | −0.252 | 0.376 | 0.257 | 0.334 | −0.356 |
R2 | 0.01346 | 0.06351 | 0.14138 | 0.02146 | 0.111556 | 0.12674 | ||
p | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ||
pT22 | R | 0.95119 | 0.29514 | 0.92732 | 0.98812 | 0.98214 | 0.99312 | |
R2 | 0.90476 | 0.08711 | 0.85992 | 0.97638 | 0.9646 | 0.98629 | ||
p | 0.05 | ns | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.05 | ||
pT23 | R | 0.86271 | 0.94352 | 0.84978 | 0.22136 | 0.94675 | 0.94978 | |
R2 | 0.74427 | 0.89023 | 0.72213 | 0.0449 | 0.89634 | 0.90208 | ||
p | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.05 | ns | 0.05 | 0.01 | ||
CK2 | pT21 | R | 0.56437 | 0.34126 | 0.39643 | 0.23168 | 0.41154 | 0.28746 |
R2 | 0.31851 | 0.11646 | 0.15716 | 0.05367 | 0.16937 | 0.08263 | ||
p | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ||
pT22 | R | 0.38324 | 0.29435 | 0.93293 | 0.97317 | 0.97224 | 0.89146 | |
R2 | 0.3705 | 0.08644 | 0.87036 | 0.94706 | 0.94525 | 0.7947 | ||
p | ns | ns | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.05 | ||
pT23 | R | 0.90213 | 0.97568 | 0.82514 | 0.28246 | 0.87412 | 0.93562 | |
R2 | 0.81384 | 0.95195 | 0.68086 | 0.07978 | 0.76173 | 0.87539 | ||
p | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.05 | ns | 0.05 | 0.01 | ||
C1 | pT21 | R | 0.54873 | 0.28534 | 0.42674 | 0.32143 | 0.37892 | 0.29836 |
R2 | 0.30111 | 0.08142 | 0.18211 | 0.10332 | 0.14358 | 0.08902 | ||
p | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ||
pT22 | R | 0.88412 | 0.38423 | 0.96612 | 0.97412 | 0.97733 | 0.88911 | |
R2 | 0.78167 | 0.14763 | 0.93339 | 0.94628 | 0.94731 | 0.79052 | ||
p | 0.05 | ns | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.05 | ||
pT23 | R | 0.93215 | 0.97346 | 0.79354 | 0.58421 | 0.74278 | 0.96542 | |
R2 | 0.8689 | 0.94762 | 0.62971 | 0.3413 | 0.55172 | 0.93204 | ||
p | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.05 | ns | 0.05 | 0.01 | ||
C2 | pT21 | R | 0.32145 | 0.31238 | 0.50156 | 0.16973 | 0.45672 | 0.37829 |
R2 | 0.10333 | 0.0969 | 0.25156 | 0.02881 | 0.20859 | 0.1431 | ||
p | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ||
pT22 | R | 0.82356 | 0.49324 | 0.94582 | 0.96374 | 0.91214 | 0.62569 | |
R2 | 0.67825 | 0.24329 | 0.89458 | 0.9288 | 0.832 | 0.39149 | ||
p | 0.05 | ns | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | ns | ||
pT23 | R | 0.96739 | 0.95678 | 0.94718 | 0.50047 | 0.81248 | 0.45768 | |
R2 | 0.93584 | 0.91543 | 0.89715 | 0.25047 | 0.66012 | 0.20947 | ||
p | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.05 | ns | 0.05 | ns | ||
C3 | pT21 | R | 0.45362 | 0.37288 | 0.51118 | 0.19463 | 0.47284 | 0.32145 |
R2 | 0.20577 | 0.13904 | 0.26131 | 0.03789 | 0.22358 | 0.10333 | ||
p | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ||
pT22 | R | 0.73246 | 0.30123 | 0.94378 | 0.94178 | 0.89236 | 0.64113 | |
R2 | 0.53649 | 0.09074 | 0.89072 | 0.88695 | 0.79631 | 0.41105 | ||
p | 0.05 | ns | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.05 | ||
pT23 | R | 0.98275 | 0.95467 | 0.79932 | 0.5101 | 0.80213 | 0.95467 | |
R2 | 0.9658 | 0.9114 | 0.79389 | 0.2602 | 0.64341 | 0.9114 | ||
p | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.05 | ns | 0.05 | 0.01 |
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Li, N.; Shen, Y.; Liu, W.; Mei, J.; Xie, J. Low-Field NMR and MRI to Analyze the Effect of Edible Coating Incorporated with MAP on Qualities of Half-Smooth Tongue Sole (Cynoglossus Semilaevis Günther) Fillets during Refrigerated Storage. Appl. Sci. 2018, 8, 1391. https://doi.org/10.3390/app8081391
Li N, Shen Y, Liu W, Mei J, Xie J. Low-Field NMR and MRI to Analyze the Effect of Edible Coating Incorporated with MAP on Qualities of Half-Smooth Tongue Sole (Cynoglossus Semilaevis Günther) Fillets during Refrigerated Storage. Applied Sciences. 2018; 8(8):1391. https://doi.org/10.3390/app8081391
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Na, Yong Shen, Wenru Liu, Jun Mei, and Jing Xie. 2018. "Low-Field NMR and MRI to Analyze the Effect of Edible Coating Incorporated with MAP on Qualities of Half-Smooth Tongue Sole (Cynoglossus Semilaevis Günther) Fillets during Refrigerated Storage" Applied Sciences 8, no. 8: 1391. https://doi.org/10.3390/app8081391