Next Article in Journal
Artificial Intelligence in Medical Diagnostics: Foundations, Clinical Applications, and Future Directions
Previous Article in Journal
Enhancing Marine Gravity Anomaly Recovery from Satellite Altimetry Using Differential Marine Geodetic Data
 
 
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Research on TID Controller Design for Fractional-Order Time-Delay Systems

School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(2), 727; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16020727
Submission received: 15 December 2025 / Revised: 7 January 2026 / Accepted: 8 January 2026 / Published: 10 January 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Automation and Control Systems Technology in Industry)

Abstract

Fractional-order time-delay systems boast better dynamic performance than integer-order ones in optimally controlling industrial design objects. However, in lack of commendable methodologies, designing proper controllers for these systems confronts a plurality of challenges. This study puts forth an innovative design approach that merges frequency-domain analysis with time-domain optimization concepts, so that fractional-order Tilt-Integral-Derivative (TID) controllers can be acquired. To pursue a stable control system loop, the tilted and integral gains of fractional-order TID controllers are identified as per frequency-domain specifications, including gain crossover frequency and phase margin. In light of these specifications (e.g., the integral of time-weighted absolute error (ITAE)), the differential gain and fractional-order operator λ of the controller are determined, which accomplishes a desirable dynamic performance in the time domain. This article expounds on the procedure of how to develop the proposed fractional-order TID controller and furnishes illustrative examples for the research steps. As manifested by the simulation results, the proposed controller dramatically upgrades the control performance of the system in contrast to conventional PID, FOPI, and FOPID controllers. Moreover, it outperforms PID and fuzzy PID in terms of responding to the demand variations in step signals.
Keywords: fractional-order TID controller; fractional-order time-delay system; gain-phase margin; parameter stable space fractional-order TID controller; fractional-order time-delay system; gain-phase margin; parameter stable space

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Zhang, J.; Zhang, L.; Liang, Z.; Tang, R. Research on TID Controller Design for Fractional-Order Time-Delay Systems. Appl. Sci. 2026, 16, 727. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16020727

AMA Style

Zhang J, Zhang L, Liang Z, Tang R. Research on TID Controller Design for Fractional-Order Time-Delay Systems. Applied Sciences. 2026; 16(2):727. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16020727

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhang, Jinyuan, Ling Zhang, Zhisheng Liang, and Rongnian Tang. 2026. "Research on TID Controller Design for Fractional-Order Time-Delay Systems" Applied Sciences 16, no. 2: 727. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16020727

APA Style

Zhang, J., Zhang, L., Liang, Z., & Tang, R. (2026). Research on TID Controller Design for Fractional-Order Time-Delay Systems. Applied Sciences, 16(2), 727. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16020727

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop