This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Open AccessArticle
Synthesis of Optimal Static Gain Feedback Using a Fractional-Order Performance Index
by
Dawid Ostaszewicz
Dawid Ostaszewicz
and
Krzysztof Rogowski
Krzysztof Rogowski *
Department of Automatic Control and Robotics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45D Street, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(12), 6017; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16126017 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 23 April 2026
/
Revised: 8 June 2026
/
Accepted: 10 June 2026
/
Published: 14 June 2026
Abstract
This paper presents a methodology for synthesizing static state feedback controllers utilizing a Fractional-Order Performance Index. Linear Quadratic Regulators are designed using integer-order integral weighting functions. In the proposed approach, fractional-order calculus is utilized to introduce an additional degree of freedom in controller synthesis, enabling enhanced shaping of the plant’s dynamic properties. The controller gains are obtained by solving a fractional Riccati-like equation, through which the temporal weighting properties inherent to fractional integration are embedded into a static feedback matrix. This formulation is a minimalist control structure suitable for implementation on resource-constrained hardware. The proposed method is validated via rapid control prototyping on an industrial NI PXIe platform and an analog third-order plant. Performance evaluation using Integral Absolute Error and Integral Absolute Control metrics demonstrates that the fractional order serves as a flexible tuning parameter, providing an alternative trade-off between settling time and control effort. Furthermore, frequency domain sensitivity analysis demonstrates the absence of resonant peaks and inherent attenuation of high-frequency measurement noise. As a result, the presented framework bridges fractional-order optimization techniques with industrial control platforms.
Share and Cite
MDPI and ACS Style
Ostaszewicz, D.; Rogowski, K.
Synthesis of Optimal Static Gain Feedback Using a Fractional-Order Performance Index. Appl. Sci. 2026, 16, 6017.
https://doi.org/10.3390/app16126017
AMA Style
Ostaszewicz D, Rogowski K.
Synthesis of Optimal Static Gain Feedback Using a Fractional-Order Performance Index. Applied Sciences. 2026; 16(12):6017.
https://doi.org/10.3390/app16126017
Chicago/Turabian Style
Ostaszewicz, Dawid, and Krzysztof Rogowski.
2026. "Synthesis of Optimal Static Gain Feedback Using a Fractional-Order Performance Index" Applied Sciences 16, no. 12: 6017.
https://doi.org/10.3390/app16126017
APA Style
Ostaszewicz, D., & Rogowski, K.
(2026). Synthesis of Optimal Static Gain Feedback Using a Fractional-Order Performance Index. Applied Sciences, 16(12), 6017.
https://doi.org/10.3390/app16126017
Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details
here.
Article Metrics
Article metric data becomes available approximately 24 hours after publication online.