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Applied Sciences
Volume 16
Issue 12
10.3390/app16125960
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Influence of Surface Sealants and Chromogenic Dietary Agents on the Color Stability of Composite Resin Restorations: An In Vitro Study

by
Jorge Ferreira-Coelho
1,
Maria do Carmo Vilas-Boas
2,
Orlanda Torres
2,
Virgínia M. F. Gonçalves
2,3,4 and
Lígia Lopes-Rocha
4,*
1
Department of Dental Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Cooperative of Polytechnic and University Education (CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
2
UNIPRO—Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Cooperative of Polytechnic and University Education (CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
3
Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Cooperative of Polytechnic and University Education (CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
4
UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(12), 5960; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16125960 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 20 May 2026 / Revised: 5 June 2026 / Accepted: 9 June 2026 / Published: 12 June 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Technology in Dentistry)
Versions Notes

Featured Application

The results of this in vitro study may contribute to understanding how different surface sealants affect the color stability of composite resin restorations exposed to commonly consumed staining beverages.

Abstract

Background: The influence of surface sealants on the color stability of composite resin restorations remains controversial. This in vitro study evaluated the effect of two surface sealants on the color stability of a nanohybrid composite resin exposed to staining beverages. Methods: Ninety specimens of Enamel Plus HRi Bio Function (BF2) composite resin were divided into three groups: without sealant, with Embrace™ WetBond™ Seal-n-Shine™, and with Ena Bond Seal. Specimens were immersed in black tea, Coca-Cola®, red wine, orange juice, coffee, or distilled water for 40 h. Color measurements were obtained before and after immersion using the OptiShade colorimeter in accordance with the CIELAB color system. Results: Significant differences were observed according to both the staining solution and the surface sealant applied (p < 0.001). Red wine produced the highest color changes in all groups, while coffee and black tea also caused clinically perceptible discoloration. The Seal-n-Shine™ group exhibited the highest ΔE values and greater color variation compared with the control group. In contrast, the Ena Bond Seal group exhibited chromatic behavior closer to that of the unsealed composite resin. Conclusions: Color stability was significantly influenced by both the staining solution and the applied surface sealant.
Keywords: composite resin restoration; color stability; OptiShade; dentistry; beverages composite resin restoration; color stability; OptiShade; dentistry; beverages

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ferreira-Coelho, J.; Vilas-Boas, M.d.C.; Torres, O.; Gonçalves, V.M.F.; Lopes-Rocha, L. Influence of Surface Sealants and Chromogenic Dietary Agents on the Color Stability of Composite Resin Restorations: An In Vitro Study. Appl. Sci. 2026, 16, 5960. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16125960

AMA Style

Ferreira-Coelho J, Vilas-Boas MdC, Torres O, Gonçalves VMF, Lopes-Rocha L. Influence of Surface Sealants and Chromogenic Dietary Agents on the Color Stability of Composite Resin Restorations: An In Vitro Study. Applied Sciences. 2026; 16(12):5960. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16125960

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ferreira-Coelho, Jorge, Maria do Carmo Vilas-Boas, Orlanda Torres, Virgínia M. F. Gonçalves, and Lígia Lopes-Rocha. 2026. "Influence of Surface Sealants and Chromogenic Dietary Agents on the Color Stability of Composite Resin Restorations: An In Vitro Study" Applied Sciences 16, no. 12: 5960. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16125960

APA Style

Ferreira-Coelho, J., Vilas-Boas, M. d. C., Torres, O., Gonçalves, V. M. F., & Lopes-Rocha, L. (2026). Influence of Surface Sealants and Chromogenic Dietary Agents on the Color Stability of Composite Resin Restorations: An In Vitro Study. Applied Sciences, 16(12), 5960. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16125960

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