Real-Time and Sustainable Termite Management: Application of Intelligent Monitoring Systems in Reservoirs
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Intelligent Termite Monitoring Technology
- (1)
- Front-end trap monitoring component: This component is typically deployed in termite-prone areas and includes a trap detection unit and a monitoring unit. The trap detection unit primarily uses bait to attract termites and monitors the disturbance signals generated by termite clusters. The monitoring unit transmits and processes these signals.
- (2)
- Intermediate transmission and storage component: This section connects the front-end monitoring component with the central processing system. It is responsible for transmitting disturbance signals detected in the field, as well as storing and backing up relevant signal data.
- (3)
- Central processing and warning component: This section serves as the terminal system for the entire monitoring architecture. It receives and converts disturbance signals, issues timely warnings about termite cluster activity, and facilitates the implementation of preemptive control measures.
3. Material and Methods
3.1. Test Sites
3.2. The Bait-Based Termite Intelligent Detection System
- (1)
- Bait monitoring tube: The bait monitoring tube consists of an outer layer, an inner layer, and a top cap. The outer layer uses traps to lure termites, while the inner layer and top cap contain baits to trap termites. The bait used consists of a 4% Gramoxone powder mixed with 0.03% Gramoxone poison bait, prepared in a ratio of 1:1.5–3.3, with ivermectin as the active ingredient.
- (2)
- Baiting detection device: The baiting detection device consists of a detection rod and a detector. The detection rod attracts termites and generates anomalous electrical signals through a conductive powder material layer, while the detector transmits these signals to the monitoring unit.
3.3. Termite Intelligent Detection System Layout Method
3.4. Results
- (1)
- Strong real-time capability: Real-time monitoring is enabled through data collected by sensors, allowing for the timely detection of termite activity. This facilitates accurate monitoring, high efficiency, and environmental protection, while significantly enhancing the safety monitoring capabilities of water conservancy projects.
- (2)
- High degree of automation: The entire monitoring process operates without human intervention, reducing labor costs and time consumption, and improving the operational and management efficiency of water conservancy projects.
- (3)
- Scalability: The number and placement of sensors can be adjusted according to specific needs, allowing for flexible adaptation to different monitoring scenarios and ensuring comprehensive, full-coverage monitoring.
- (4)
- Advanced data analysis capability: By analyzing and mining large volumes of data, potential patterns and trends in termite activity can be identified, providing a solid scientific foundation for prevention and control measures.
4. Discussions
- (1)
- Construction of a data sharing platform: By establishing a unified data sharing platform, termite monitoring data from different regions can be integrated to create a comprehensive termite distribution map. This will support scientific research and inform policy development.
- (2)
- Application of artificial intelligence technology: By integrating artificial intelligence (AI) technology, more accurate termite identification and classification can be achieved, thereby enhancing monitoring efficiency and accuracy.
- (3)
- Mobile application development: With the widespread use of smartphones and tablets, specialized mobile applications can be developed to enable users to monitor and manage termite activity anytime and anywhere.
- (4)
- Development of a multi-level protection system: In addition to building-specific prevention and control measures, a multi-level protection system can be established by focusing on ecological balance, environmental management, and other aspects.
- (5)
- Integration with “digital twin” technology: By incorporating “digital twin” technology, a termite control operation and management platform can be built. This platform would rely on a base map, expand its capabilities, accumulate data, and carry out control operations in a more standardized manner.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Site | Months | TN | TP | FN | FP | AR% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The Suokoutan Reservoir 100 stations | 3 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100% |
6 | 88 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 100% | |
9 | 40 | 54 | 0 | 6 | 94% | |
12 | 31 | 63 | 0 | 6 | 94% |
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Wang, M.; Jiang, P.; Wu, F.; Jiang, L.; Che, T. Real-Time and Sustainable Termite Management: Application of Intelligent Monitoring Systems in Reservoirs. Appl. Sci. 2025, 15, 3303. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15063303
Wang M, Jiang P, Wu F, Jiang L, Che T. Real-Time and Sustainable Termite Management: Application of Intelligent Monitoring Systems in Reservoirs. Applied Sciences. 2025; 15(6):3303. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15063303
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Ming, Peidong Jiang, Fengyan Wu, Lai Jiang, and Tengteng Che. 2025. "Real-Time and Sustainable Termite Management: Application of Intelligent Monitoring Systems in Reservoirs" Applied Sciences 15, no. 6: 3303. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15063303
APA StyleWang, M., Jiang, P., Wu, F., Jiang, L., & Che, T. (2025). Real-Time and Sustainable Termite Management: Application of Intelligent Monitoring Systems in Reservoirs. Applied Sciences, 15(6), 3303. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15063303