A Component-Oriented Model for Risk Assessment in the Design of High-Tech Products

Trishch, Roman; Lutai, Liudmyla; Khomiak, Eduard; Krzysiak, Zbigniew; Samociuk, Waldemar; Hevorkian, Edvin; Stączek, Paweł; Rucki, Miroslaw

doi:10.3390/app152312639

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Open AccessArticle

A Component-Oriented Model for Risk Assessment in the Design of High-Tech Products

by

Roman Trishch

¹

,

Liudmyla Lutai

¹

,

Eduard Khomiak

¹,

Zbigniew Krzysiak

²

,

Waldemar Samociuk

^2,*

,

Edvin Hevorkian

³

,

Paweł Stączek

⁴

and

Miroslaw Rucki

^5,*

¹

Department of Mechatronics and Electrical Engineering, National Aerospace University “Kharkiv Aviation Institute”, 17 V.Manko Str., 61070 Kharkiv, Ukraine

²

Department of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 28 Głęboka St., 20-612 Lublin, Poland

³

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Casimir Pulaski Radom University, 54 Stasieckiego, 26-600 Radom, Poland

⁴

Department of Automation, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland

⁵

Institute of Mechanical Science, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 11 Sauletekio al., LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(23), 12639; https://doi.org/10.3390/app152312639 (registering DOI)

Submission received: 6 October 2025 / Revised: 14 November 2025 / Accepted: 26 November 2025 / Published: 28 November 2025

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Models, Analysis, and Assessment of Complex Systems)

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Abstract

This study proposes a component-based model for assessing risks in the design of high-tech products. The model took into account the novelty of components, which affected the risk level in the development process. The risk assessment was based on fuzzy set theory, which allowed determination of the degree of importance of risk-generating factors, such as technical, economic, and organizational risks. The components were divided into “old” ones with the possibility of adaptation and “new” ones being implemented for the first time. The structure of the project included adaptation, acquisition, and development of new components. The component-oriented approach allowed for a reduction in the negative impact of risks in the early stages of development while optimizing decision-making on further product development. A case study involving the development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) was conducted to demonstrate the model’s applicability. The assessed aggregated project risk varied from 0.0992 for projects based primarily on reusable components to 0.1902 for those involving a high proportion of newly developed components. The model’s sensitivity to component novelty made it possible to differentiate between low- and moderate-risk design scenarios. This is especially valuable for early-stage project selection and risk-informed “go/no-go” decisions in the design of complex systems.

Keywords: component-oriented approach; risk-generating factor; risk assessment; risk level; design; industry; high-tech product; ISO 31000; triangular fuzzy number; risk aggregation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Trishch, R.; Lutai, L.; Khomiak, E.; Krzysiak, Z.; Samociuk, W.; Hevorkian, E.; Stączek, P.; Rucki, M. A Component-Oriented Model for Risk Assessment in the Design of High-Tech Products. Appl. Sci. 2025, 15, 12639. https://doi.org/10.3390/app152312639

AMA Style

Trishch R, Lutai L, Khomiak E, Krzysiak Z, Samociuk W, Hevorkian E, Stączek P, Rucki M. A Component-Oriented Model for Risk Assessment in the Design of High-Tech Products. Applied Sciences. 2025; 15(23):12639. https://doi.org/10.3390/app152312639

Chicago/Turabian Style

Trishch, Roman, Liudmyla Lutai, Eduard Khomiak, Zbigniew Krzysiak, Waldemar Samociuk, Edvin Hevorkian, Paweł Stączek, and Miroslaw Rucki. 2025. "A Component-Oriented Model for Risk Assessment in the Design of High-Tech Products" Applied Sciences 15, no. 23: 12639. https://doi.org/10.3390/app152312639

APA Style

Trishch, R., Lutai, L., Khomiak, E., Krzysiak, Z., Samociuk, W., Hevorkian, E., Stączek, P., & Rucki, M. (2025). A Component-Oriented Model for Risk Assessment in the Design of High-Tech Products. Applied Sciences, 15(23), 12639. https://doi.org/10.3390/app152312639

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