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Applied Sciences
Volume 15
Issue 21
10.3390/app152111415
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Systematic Review

Cephalometric Assessment and Long-Term Stability of Anterior Open-Bite Correction with Skeletal Anchorage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by
Alessandro Ugolini
1,
Margherita Donelli
2,3,
Alessandro Bruni
4,
Nunzio Cirulli
5,
Massimo Berlen
4,
Andrea Abate
1,* and
Valentina Lanteri
4
1
Department of Sciences Integrated Surgical and Diagnostic, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
2
Department of Biomedical Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
3
Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20142 Milan, Italy
4
Surgical, Medical and Dental Department, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
5
Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(21), 11415; https://doi.org/10.3390/app152111415 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 8 September 2025 / Revised: 13 October 2025 / Accepted: 20 October 2025 / Published: 24 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Materials and Technologies in Orthodontics)
Versions Notes

Featured Application

This review supports the clinical use of temporary anchorage devices (TADs) as a minimally invasive alternative to orthognathic surgery for the correction of anterior open bite (AOB) in selected patients. The findings can guide treatment planning by highlighting the skeletal and dentoalveolar changes achievable with TADs and their reported long-term stability.

Abstract

This systematic review evaluated the dento-skeletal effects and long-term stability of anterior open-bite (AOB) correction with temporary anchorage devices (TADs). A comprehensive search up to May 2025 was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, LILACS, Scielo, Epistemonikos, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. Eligible studies included randomized and non-randomized trials and case series with cephalometric outcomes. Risk of bias was assessed with the MINORS tool. A qualitative synthesis was performed, and studies meeting criteria were included in the meta-analysis. Ot of 1885 records, 22 studies were included qualitatively; 5 entered meta-analysis. Treatment yielded a mean overbite increase of 5.6 mm and reduction in N-Me of 2.8 mm. FMA and SN-GoMe decreased by about 2° and 1.6°, ANB by 1.7°, while SN-Pog increased by 1.4°. Most studies reported stability up to 3 years. Despite heterogeneity and predominance of non-randomized studies, evidence suggests TADs effectively correct AOB through overbite improvement and mandibular counterclockwise rotation. Reported effects appear stable, supporting skeletal anchorage as a reliable, less invasive alternative to surgery in selected patients.
Keywords: anterior open bite; cephalometry; skeletal anchorage; malocclusion anterior open bite; cephalometry; skeletal anchorage; malocclusion

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ugolini, A.; Donelli, M.; Bruni, A.; Cirulli, N.; Berlen, M.; Abate, A.; Lanteri, V. Cephalometric Assessment and Long-Term Stability of Anterior Open-Bite Correction with Skeletal Anchorage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Appl. Sci. 2025, 15, 11415. https://doi.org/10.3390/app152111415

AMA Style

Ugolini A, Donelli M, Bruni A, Cirulli N, Berlen M, Abate A, Lanteri V. Cephalometric Assessment and Long-Term Stability of Anterior Open-Bite Correction with Skeletal Anchorage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Applied Sciences. 2025; 15(21):11415. https://doi.org/10.3390/app152111415

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ugolini, Alessandro, Margherita Donelli, Alessandro Bruni, Nunzio Cirulli, Massimo Berlen, Andrea Abate, and Valentina Lanteri. 2025. "Cephalometric Assessment and Long-Term Stability of Anterior Open-Bite Correction with Skeletal Anchorage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" Applied Sciences 15, no. 21: 11415. https://doi.org/10.3390/app152111415

APA Style

Ugolini, A., Donelli, M., Bruni, A., Cirulli, N., Berlen, M., Abate, A., & Lanteri, V. (2025). Cephalometric Assessment and Long-Term Stability of Anterior Open-Bite Correction with Skeletal Anchorage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Applied Sciences, 15(21), 11415. https://doi.org/10.3390/app152111415

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