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Article

Natural Frequencies of Composite Anisogrid Cylindrical Shell-Beams Carrying Rigid Bodies at the Boundaries: Smeared Approach, FEM Verification, and Minimum Mass Design

Concurrent Design & Manufacturing Lab, CIRA—Italian Aerospace Research Center, Via Maiorise, 81043 Capua, CE, Italy
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(17), 9335; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15179335 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 10 July 2025 / Revised: 7 August 2025 / Accepted: 20 August 2025 / Published: 25 August 2025

Featured Application

Slender CFRP-layered shell-beam segments are commonly used for the assembly of lightweight and high-quality space structures, such as the booms for large deployable antennas. This kind of application poses several challenges in terms of design and manufacturing issues since the stiffness-to-weight ratio is taken to the extreme. In this connection, composite Anisogrid structures (without skin), composed of a regular pattern of interlaced and unidirectional hoop and helical CFRP ribs, represent an alternative option. However, for this option to be competitive, or even more efficient than laminated skins, it is necessary (1) to address the natural frequencies of the beams, including the effect of non-structural masses, inertias, and coupled modes (where applicable), and (2) to explore the various Anisogrid configurations with the aid of an effective optimization approach.

Abstract

In this paper, the natural frequencies of pure bending, axial–bending, and torsional-bending coupled modes of CFRP Anisogrid cylindrical shell-beams supporting non-structural masses and inertias at the boundaries are firstly analytically investigated and, secondly, verified by FEM. Indeed, the design of shell-beam elements in various engineering applications is driven by the minimum frequency value that is necessary to achieve in order not to compromise the proper functionality of the assembly for which these elements are designed. In turn, this minimum frequency depends on the geometry, mass, and dynamics of the main components of the assembly. A typical point in space applications is to control the lowest frequency of the spacecraft body, commonly supported by a shell structure, in order to avoid the occurrence of resonance issues that may be induced by dynamic loads during the launch phase. As a rule, to keep the lowest frequency sufficiently high, in conjunction with non-structural masses, means to increase the stiffness and the mass of the load-carrying structure and, ideally, to identify the most efficient solution. In order to effectively address this topic, the analytical models of the natural frequencies of Anisogrid cylindrical shell-beams are finally introduced into an optimization routine as constraints on the fundamental frequency. This approach allows us to readily explore the various Anisogrid configurations and find the best candidate solutions in the framework of preliminary design.
Keywords: Anisogrid shell-beam; coupled natural frequencies; axial–bending modes; torsional-bending modes; constrained minimum mass design; smeared approach Anisogrid shell-beam; coupled natural frequencies; axial–bending modes; torsional-bending modes; constrained minimum mass design; smeared approach

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MDPI and ACS Style

Totaro, G. Natural Frequencies of Composite Anisogrid Cylindrical Shell-Beams Carrying Rigid Bodies at the Boundaries: Smeared Approach, FEM Verification, and Minimum Mass Design. Appl. Sci. 2025, 15, 9335. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15179335

AMA Style

Totaro G. Natural Frequencies of Composite Anisogrid Cylindrical Shell-Beams Carrying Rigid Bodies at the Boundaries: Smeared Approach, FEM Verification, and Minimum Mass Design. Applied Sciences. 2025; 15(17):9335. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15179335

Chicago/Turabian Style

Totaro, Giovanni. 2025. "Natural Frequencies of Composite Anisogrid Cylindrical Shell-Beams Carrying Rigid Bodies at the Boundaries: Smeared Approach, FEM Verification, and Minimum Mass Design" Applied Sciences 15, no. 17: 9335. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15179335

APA Style

Totaro, G. (2025). Natural Frequencies of Composite Anisogrid Cylindrical Shell-Beams Carrying Rigid Bodies at the Boundaries: Smeared Approach, FEM Verification, and Minimum Mass Design. Applied Sciences, 15(17), 9335. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15179335

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