A Systematic Review of Research on Urban Streets and Parks Based on Eye-Tracking Technology

In recent years, the application of eye-tracking technology in urban studies has garnered increasing attention from researchers across various disciplines. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of the current applications of eye-tracking technology in these urban environments through a systematic literature analysis. Our findings indicate that eye-tracking technology has played a significant role in exploring visual preferences and the restorative effects of urban streets, as well as the visual preferences and restorative potential of urban landscapes. Certain visual elements in streets and parks, such as artificial and natural elements, can elicit different psychological and visual responses from people. This is of great reference value for understanding how urban street and park design can better meet people’s visual preferences and exert the therapeutic effects of urban streets and parks. Moreover, characterised by its portability and reliability, eye-tracking technology has significant advantages in capturing real-time visual behaviour and cognitive responses in natural urban settings and can become a powerful tool for future research. Furthermore, eye-tracking technology holds great potential for extending its applications to other urban public spaces, such as plazas, waterfront areas, and urban greenways. This expansion can provide deeper insights into how people interact with and perceive various urban environments, ultimately contributing to more effective urban planning and design strategies.