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Case Report

Lactiplantibacillus sp. LH01 as an Adjuvant to Reduce Antibiotic Use in Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in a Paediatric Patient with Hydronephrosis

by
Naomi Aguirre Hernández
1,
Daniel Pérez-Rulfo Ibarra
2,*,
Blanca Rosa Aguilar Uscanga
1,
Elisa García Morales
3,
Ixtlilxochitl Flores Fong
4 and
Jesús Alonso Amezcua López
1,5,*
1
Human Milk Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico
2
Child Growth and Development, Paediatrics Speciality, Department of Human Reproduction Clinics, University Health Sciences Centre, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
3
Neonatology Unit, Division of Paediatrics, Department of Human Reproduction Clinics, Growth and Child Development, O.P.D. Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde/Neonatology Specialisation, University Centre for Health Sciences, Universidad def Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44200, Jalisco, Mexico
4
Department of Food and Nutrition, University Health Sciences Centre, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
5
BSc in Nutrition, Academy of Biochemistry, Genetics and Food Technology, Centro Universitario UTEG, Health Sciences Campus, Guadalajara 44460, Jalisco, Mexico
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(16), 8805; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15168805 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 5 July 2025 / Revised: 6 August 2025 / Accepted: 7 August 2025 / Published: 9 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Functional Properties of Probiotics)

Featured Application

Lactiplantibacillus sp. LH01 may be used as an adjuvant to reduce antibiotic use in paediatric patients with recurrent urinary tract infections, thereby helping to prevent antimicrobial resistance.

Abstract

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) represent a significant public health concern, particularly in children with structural abnormalities such as vesicoureteric reflux. Prolonged antibiotic exposure in these patients often contributes to the emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms and restricts therapeutic options. Probiotics have emerged as a potential adjuvant strategy to reduce infection recurrence. Case Presentation: A female infant born at term (38.6 weeks), with a prenatal diagnosis of bilateral hydronephrosis, experienced recurrent UTIs from the neonatal period despite both prophylactic and therapeutic antibiotic regimens. Serial urine cultures revealed infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Methods: The isolated strains were evaluated in vitro against Lactiplantibacillus sp. LH01, a probiotic strain derived from human milk. Following confirmation of its antimicrobial activity, an individualised intervention was initiated: daily oral administration of 1 mL of the probiotic (109 CFU/mL) for one month, under medical supervision and without concurrent antibiotic therapy. Results: The probiotic demonstrated 89% inhibition efficiency against multidrug-resistant strains, accompanied by a notable reduction in UTIs frequency. Follow-up cultures showed reduced pathogen growth and a loss of the ESBL phenotype, facilitating clinical management and allowing previously contraindicated surgical interventions. Conclusions: Lactiplantibacillus sp. LH01 proved a safe and effective adjuvant in managing recurrent, resistant UTIs in a paediatric patient, highlighting the promise of probiotic therapies.
Keywords: urinary tract infection; probiotics; hydronephrosis; paediatrics; antimicrobial resistance urinary tract infection; probiotics; hydronephrosis; paediatrics; antimicrobial resistance

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MDPI and ACS Style

Aguirre Hernández, N.; Pérez-Rulfo Ibarra, D.; Aguilar Uscanga, B.R.; García Morales, E.; Flores Fong, I.; Amezcua López, J.A. Lactiplantibacillus sp. LH01 as an Adjuvant to Reduce Antibiotic Use in Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in a Paediatric Patient with Hydronephrosis. Appl. Sci. 2025, 15, 8805. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15168805

AMA Style

Aguirre Hernández N, Pérez-Rulfo Ibarra D, Aguilar Uscanga BR, García Morales E, Flores Fong I, Amezcua López JA. Lactiplantibacillus sp. LH01 as an Adjuvant to Reduce Antibiotic Use in Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in a Paediatric Patient with Hydronephrosis. Applied Sciences. 2025; 15(16):8805. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15168805

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aguirre Hernández, Naomi, Daniel Pérez-Rulfo Ibarra, Blanca Rosa Aguilar Uscanga, Elisa García Morales, Ixtlilxochitl Flores Fong, and Jesús Alonso Amezcua López. 2025. "Lactiplantibacillus sp. LH01 as an Adjuvant to Reduce Antibiotic Use in Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in a Paediatric Patient with Hydronephrosis" Applied Sciences 15, no. 16: 8805. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15168805

APA Style

Aguirre Hernández, N., Pérez-Rulfo Ibarra, D., Aguilar Uscanga, B. R., García Morales, E., Flores Fong, I., & Amezcua López, J. A. (2025). Lactiplantibacillus sp. LH01 as an Adjuvant to Reduce Antibiotic Use in Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in a Paediatric Patient with Hydronephrosis. Applied Sciences, 15(16), 8805. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15168805

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