Effect of Surface Roughness on Aerodynamic Loads of Bluff Body in Vicinity of Smoothed Moving Wall

This paper contributes to a new Lagrangian vortex method for the statistical control of turbulence in two-dimensional flow configurations around a rough circular cylinder in ground effect when considering higher subcritical Reynolds numbers, namely 3 × 10⁴ ≤ Re ≤ 2 × 10⁵. A smoothed moving wall (active control technique) is used to include the blockage effect in association with the variation in cylinder surface roughness (passive control technique), characterizing a hybrid approach. In contrast with the previous approaches of our research group, the rough cylinder surface is here geometrically constructed, and a new momentum source term is introduced and calculated for the investigated problem. The methodology is structured by coupling the random Discrete Vortex Method, the Lagrangian Dynamic Roughness Model, and the Large Eddy Simulation with turbulence closure using the truncated Second-Order Velocity Structure Function model. This methodological option has the advantage of dispensing with the use of both a refined near-wall mesh and wall functions. The disadvantage of costly processing is readily solved with Open Multi-Processing. The results reveal that intermediate and high roughness values are most efficient for Reynolds numbers on the orders of 10⁵ and 10⁴, respectively. In employing a moving wall, the transition from the large-gap to the intermediate-gap regime is satisfactorily characterized. For the conditions studied with the hybrid technique, it was concluded that the effect of roughness is preponderant and acts to anticipate the characteristics of a lower gap-to-diameter ratio regime, especially with regard to intermittency.