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Volume 14
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10.3390/app14062594
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Review

Techniques for Measuring the Fluctuation of Residual Lower Limb Volume in Clinical Practices: A Systematic Review of the Past Four Decades

by
Mohd Tajularif Ibrahim
1,
Nur Afiqah Hashim
1,*,
Nasrul Anuar Abd Razak
1,
Noor Azuan Abu Osman
1,
Hossein Gholizadeh
2 and
Suryani Dyah Astuti
3
1
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
2
Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI), Ottawa University, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
3
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(6), 2594; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14062594
Submission received: 7 July 2023 / Revised: 19 August 2023 / Accepted: 20 August 2023 / Published: 20 March 2024
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Abstract

Increased pressure and shear stress distributions at the limb–socket interface are hypothesised to result from changes in the residual limb shape and volume, which can cause socket fit difficulties. Accurate residual limb volume measurements may aid clinicians in developing strategies to accommodate volume fluctuations. This review primarily aims to analyse the techniques available for measuring the residual lower limb volume that may be used in clinical settings, as documented in the works published over the previous four decades. A comprehensive search of articles in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Google Scholar identified 904 articles, and further analysis resulted in only 39 articles being chosen to be analysed. Based on the findings, there are nine techniques available to measure the residual limb volume: water displacement, anthropometric measurement, contact probes, optical scanning, spiral X-ray computed tomography (SXCT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, laser scanning, and bioimpedance. Considering the variety of techniques for determining residual limb volume, it is critical to choose the ones that best suit clinicians’ objectives, and each technique has potential sources of error that should be avoided by taking precautionary action. A comprehensive study of the measurement techniques is needed since researchers have developed and extensively utilised many new measuring devices, especially handheld 3D laser scanners.
Keywords: biomechanics; biomechanical engineering; lower limb; medical devices; orthopaedic bioengineering; residual limb volume; prosthesis fitting; prosthetics biomechanics; biomechanical engineering; lower limb; medical devices; orthopaedic bioengineering; residual limb volume; prosthesis fitting; prosthetics

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ibrahim, M.T.; Hashim, N.A.; Abd Razak, N.A.; Abu Osman, N.A.; Gholizadeh, H.; Astuti, S.D. Techniques for Measuring the Fluctuation of Residual Lower Limb Volume in Clinical Practices: A Systematic Review of the Past Four Decades. Appl. Sci. 2024, 14, 2594. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14062594

AMA Style

Ibrahim MT, Hashim NA, Abd Razak NA, Abu Osman NA, Gholizadeh H, Astuti SD. Techniques for Measuring the Fluctuation of Residual Lower Limb Volume in Clinical Practices: A Systematic Review of the Past Four Decades. Applied Sciences. 2024; 14(6):2594. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14062594

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ibrahim, Mohd Tajularif, Nur Afiqah Hashim, Nasrul Anuar Abd Razak, Noor Azuan Abu Osman, Hossein Gholizadeh, and Suryani Dyah Astuti. 2024. "Techniques for Measuring the Fluctuation of Residual Lower Limb Volume in Clinical Practices: A Systematic Review of the Past Four Decades" Applied Sciences 14, no. 6: 2594. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14062594

APA Style

Ibrahim, M. T., Hashim, N. A., Abd Razak, N. A., Abu Osman, N. A., Gholizadeh, H., & Astuti, S. D. (2024). Techniques for Measuring the Fluctuation of Residual Lower Limb Volume in Clinical Practices: A Systematic Review of the Past Four Decades. Applied Sciences, 14(6), 2594. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14062594

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