Use of Wearables in Frail Institutionalized Older Adults While Ambulating in Different Environments
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Assessment Instruments
2.2. Procedure
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Envejecimiento y Salud [Internet]. Who.int. Available online: https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health (accessed on 22 June 2023).
- Grace, J.M.; Naiker, J. The Association between Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Health-Related Quality of Life, Life-Space Mobility and Successful Ageing in Older Indian Adults. Health SA Gesondheid 2022, 27, 6. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- INE. INEbase/Sociedad/Salud/Encuesta Europea de Salud en España/Últimos Datos [Internet]. Available online: https://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/es/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736176784&menu=ultiDatos&idp=1254735573175 (accessed on 22 June 2023).
- Chatindiara, I.; Allen, J.; Hettige, D.; Senior, S.; Richter, M.; Kruger, M.; Wham, C. High Prevalence of Malnutrition and Frailty among Older Adults at Admission to Residential Aged Care. J. Prim. Health Care 2020, 12, 305–317. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Martínez-Reig, M.; Flores Ruano, T.; Fernández Sánchez, M.; Noguerón García, A.; Romero Rizos, L.; Abizanda Soler, P. Fragilidad Como Predictor de Mortalidad, Discapacidad Incidente y Hospitalización a Largo Plazo En Ancianos Españoles. Estudio FRADEA. Rev. Esp. Geriatr. Gerontol. 2016, 51, 254–259. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Park, K.N.; Kim, S.H. Consumer Wearable Device-Based Measures of Physical Activity and Energy Expenditure in Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Different Levels of Frailty: A STROBE Compliant Study. Medicine 2022, 101, E31863. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tornero-Quiñones, I.; Sáez-Padilla, J.; Díaz, A.E.; Robles, M.T.A.; Robles, Á.S. Functional Ability, Frailty and Risk of Falls in the Elderly: Relations with Autonomy in Daily Living. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 1006. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Concha-Cisternas, Y.; Vásquez-Gómez, J.; Castro-Piñero, J.; Petermann-Rocha, F.; Parra-Soto, S.; Matus-Castillo, C.; Garrido-Méndez, Á.; Poblete-Valderrama, F.; Celis-Morales, C. Levels of Physical Activity and Sitting Time in Elderly People with Fragility: Results of the 2016–2017 National Health Survey. Nutr. Hosp. 2023, 40, 28–34. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pierre, J.; Collinet, C.; Schut, P.O.; Verdot, C. Physical Activity and Sedentarism among Seniors in France, and Their Impact on Health. PLoS ONE 2022, 17, e0272785. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Pontzer, H.; Yamada, Y.; Sagayama, H.; Ainslie, P.N.; Andersen, L.F.; Anderson, L.J.; Arab, L.; Baddou, I.; Bedu-Addo, K.; Blaak, E.E.; et al. Daily Energy Expenditure through the Human Life Course. Science 2021, 373, 808–812. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- de Pontes, T.L.; Pessanha, F.P.A.D.S.; Freire, R.; Pfrimer, K.; Alves, N.M.D.C.; Fassini, P.G.; Almeida, O.L.S.; Moriguti, J.C.; Lima, N.K.D.C.; Santos, J.L.F.; et al. Total Energy Expenditure and Functional Status in Older Adults: A Doubly Labelled Water Study. J. Nutr. Health Aging 2021, 25, 201–208. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Flores Ruano, T.; Hoogendijk, E.O.; Romero Rizos, L.; Ariza Zafra, G.; León Ortiz, M.; Luengo Márquez, C.; Martín Senbastiá, E.; Navarro López, J.L.; Fernández Sánchez, M.; García Molina, R.; et al. Resting Metabolic Rate in Relation to Incident Disability and Mobility Decline among Older Adults: The Modifying Role of Frailty. Aging Clin. Exp. Res. 2023, 35, 591–598. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hamilton, M.T.; Hamilton, D.G.; Zderic, T.W. Role of Low Energy Expenditure and Sitting in Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, Type 2 Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease. Diabetes 2007, 56, 2655–2667. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Stavrinou, P.S.; Aphamis, G.; Andreou, E.; Pantzaris, M.; Giannaki, C.D. Association of Body Composition with Functional Capacity and Cognitive Function in Older Adults Living in Nursing Homes. Curr. Aging Sci. 2022, 15, 77–82. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Leirós, M.; Amenedo, E.; Rodríguez, M.; Pazo-Álvarez, P.; Franco, L.; Leis, R.; Martínez-Olmos, M.Á.; Arce, C. Cognitive Status and Nutritional Markers in a Sample of Institutionalized Elderly People. Front. Aging Neurosci. 2022, 14, 880405. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Willis, E.A.; Creasy, S.A.; Saint-Maurice, P.F.; Keadle, S.K.; Pontzer, H.; Schoeller, D.; Troiano, R.P.; Matthews, C.E. Physical Activity and Total Daily Energy Expenditure in Older US Adults: Constrained versus Additive Models. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2022, 54, 98–105. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Buckinx, F.; Charles, A.; Demonceau, C.; Reginster, J.-Y.; Bruyère, O. Physical Activity in Nursing Homes: Contributions of the SENIOR Cohort. Rev. Med. Liege 2023, 78, 35–39. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Liu, T.; Wang, C.; Sun, J.; Chen, W.; Meng, L.; Li, J.; Cao, M.; Liu, Q.; Chen, C. The Effects of an Integrated Exercise Intervention on the Attenuation of Frailty in Elderly Nursing Homes: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. J. Nutr. Health Aging 2022, 26, 222–229. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Racey, M.; Markle-Reid, M.; Fitzpatrick-Lewis, D.; Ali, M.U.; Gagne, H.; Hunter, S.; Ploeg, J.; Sztramko, R.; Harrison, L.; Lewis, R.; et al. Fall Prevention in Community-Dwelling Adults with Mild to Moderate Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BMC Geriatr. 2021, 21, 689. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Vandenbroucke, J.P.; Von Elm, E.; Altman, D.G.; Gøtzsche, P.C.; Mulrow, C.D.; Pocock, S.J.; Poole, C.; Schlesselman, J.J.; Egger, M. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE): Explanation and Elaboration. PLoS Med. 2007, 4, 1628–1654. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Association, W.M. World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects. JAMA 2013, 310, 2191–2194. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- World Health Organization. Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic. Report of a WHO Consultation. World Health Organ. Tech. Rep. Ser. 2000, 894, 1–253. [Google Scholar]
- Ghorbani, S.; Afshari, M.; Eckelt, M.; Dana, A.; Bund, A. Associations between Physical Activity and Mental Health in Iranian Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Accelerometer-Based Study. Children 2021, 8, 1022. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wijndaele, K.; Westgate, K.; Stephens, S.K.; Blair, S.N.; Bull, F.C.; Chastin, S.F.M.; Dunstan, D.W.; Ekelund, U.; Esliger, D.W.; Freedson, P.S.; et al. Utilization and Harmonization of Adult Accelerometry Data. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2015, 47, 2129–2139. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chávez, A.V.; Orozco, J.H.J.; Marchán, L.D.; González, M.E.M. Correlación Entre La Escala de Borg Modificada y La Saturación de Oxígeno Durante La Prueba de Esfuerzo Máxima En Pacientes Postinfartados. Revista Mexicana de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación 2012, 24, 5–9. [Google Scholar]
- Ugarte, L.L.J.; Vargas, R.F.; Ugarte, L.L.J.; Vargas, R.F. Sensibilidad y Especificidad de La Prueba Timed Up and Go. Tiempos de Corte y Edad En Adultos Mayores. Rev. Med. Chil. 2021, 149, 1302–1310. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sakthivadivel, V.; Geetha, J.; Gaur, A.; Kaliappan, A. Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment Test and Timed Up and Go Test as Predictors of Falls in the Elderly—A Cross-Sectional Study. J. Fam. Med. Prim. Care 2022, 11, 7294. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Podsiadlo, D.; Richardson, S. The Timed “Up & Go”: A Test of Basic Functional Mobility for Frail Elderly Persons. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 1991, 39, 142–148. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Casas Herrero, A.; Izquierdo, M. Ejercicio Físico Como Intervención Eficaz En El Anciano Frágil. An. Sist. Sanit. Navar. 2012, 35, 69–85. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lobo, A.; Saz, P.; Marcos, G.; Día, J.L.; de la Cámara, C.; Ventura, T.; Morales Asín, F.; Fernando Pascual, L.; Montañés, J.A.; Aznar, S. [Revalidation and Standardization of the Cognition Mini-Exam (First Spanish Version of the Mini-Mental Status Examination) in the General Geriatric Population]. Med. Clin. 1999, 112, 767–774. [Google Scholar]
- Migueles, J.H.; Cadenas-Sanchez, C.; Ekelund, U.; Delisle Nyström, C.; Mora-Gonzalez, J.; Löf, M.; Labayen, I.; Ruiz, J.R.; Ortega, F.B. Accelerometer Data Collection and Processing Criteria to Assess Physical Activity and Other Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Practical Considerations. Sports Med. 2017, 47, 1821–1845. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Guediri, A.; Robin, L.; Lacroix, J.; Aubourg, T.; Vuillerme, N.; Mandigout, S. Comparison of Energy Expenditure Assessed Using Wrist- and Hip-Worn ActiGraph GT3X in Free-Living Conditions in Young and Older Adults. Front. Med. 2021, 8, 696968. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kossi, O.; Lacroix, J.; Compagnat, M.; Daviet, J.C.; Mandigout, S. Perceived Exertion and Energy Expenditure during Physical Activities in Healthy Young People and Older Adults. Folia Med. 2021, 63, 502–510. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Runzer-Colmenares, F.M.; Samper-Ternent, R.; Al Snih, S.; Ottenbacher, K.J.; Parodi, J.F.; Wong, R. Prevalence and factors associated with frailty among Peruvian older adults. Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr. 2014, 58, 69–73. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kuntapun, J.; Silsupadol, P.; Kamnardsiri, T.; Lugade, V. Smartphone Monitoring of Gait and Balance During Irregular Surface Walking and Obstacle Crossing. Front. Sports Act. Living 2020, 2, 560577. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Brodie, M.A.D.; Coppens, M.J.M.; Lord, S.R.; Lovell, N.H.; Gschwind, Y.J.; Redmond, S.J.; Del Rosario, M.B.; Wang, K.; Sturnieks, D.L.; Persiani, M.; et al. Wearable Pendant Device Monitoring Using New Wavelet-Based Methods Shows Daily Life and Laboratory Gaits Are Different. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 2016, 54, 663–674. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Giannouli, E.; Bock, O.; Mellone, S.; Zijlstra, W. Mobility in Old Age: Capacity Is Not Performance. BioMed Res. Int. 2016, 2016, 3261567. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pakozdi, T.; Leiva, L.; Bunout, D.; Barrera, G.; de la Maza, M.P.; Henriquez, S.; Hirsch, S. Factores Relacionados Con El Gasto Energético Total En Adultos Mayores (Chile). Nutr. Hosp. 2015, 32, 1659–1663. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Schrack, J.A.; Zipunnikov, V.; Simonsick, E.M.; Studenski, S.; Ferrucci, L. Rising Energetic Cost of Walking Predicts Gait Speed Decline with Aging. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 2016, 71, 947–953. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Casal, Á. Efecto Del Programa BrainGym@ Sobre Población Anciana Institucionalizada. Ph.D. Thesis, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain, 2020. [Google Scholar]
- Westerterp, K.R. Control of Energy Expenditure in Humans. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 2017, 71, 340–344. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Galloway, R.; Booker, R.; Loftin, M.; Holmes, M.E.; Gdovin, J. Physiological and Perceptual Responses during Walking at Set and Preferred Pace in Normal and Overweight Adults. Int. J. Obes. 2022, 46, 100–106. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dixe, M.d.A.; Madeira, C.; Alves, S.; Henriques, M.A.; Baixinho, C.L. Gait Ability and Muscle Strength in Institutionalized Older Persons with and without Cognitive Decline and Association with Falls. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 11543. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Participants (n = 30) | ||
---|---|---|
Age | 78.90 ± 9.08 | |
Sex | ||
Men (%) | 15 (50) | |
Women (%) | 15 (50) | |
Height (cm) | 160.43 ± 7.76 | |
Weight (kg) | 70.16 ± 12.82 | |
Timed Up and Go | 15.01 ± 3.19 | |
Low fall risk (%) | 1 (3.3) | |
Frailty/Risk of falling (%) | 28 (93.3) | |
High risk of falling (%) | 1 (3.3) | |
Body Mass Index | 27.19 ± 4.22 | |
Normal weight (%) | 8 (26.7) | |
Overweight (%) | 22 (73.3) | |
Mini-examen Cognoscitivo de Lobo | 24.27 ± 5.17 | |
No cognitive impairment (%) | 11 (36.7) | |
With cognitive impairment (%) | 19 (63.3) |
Controlled Residential Environment | Uncontrolled External Environment | Test Statistic | p-Value | d-Cohen | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time (min) | 5.75 ± 1.38 | 5.01 ± 1.12 | −2.707 | 0.007 * | 0.589 |
MET | 1.42 ± 0.68 | 2.24 ± 1.28 | −4.268 | <0.001 * | 0.800 |
Borg Scale | 6.13 ± 1.01 | 6.97 ± 1.10 | −4.291 | <0.001 * | 0.795 |
Normal Weight (n = 8) | Overweight (n = 22) | p-Value | d-Cohen | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Controlled residential environment | |||||
Time (min) | 5.44 ± 1.01 | 5.86 ± 1.49 | 0.557 | 0.329 | |
MET | 1.14 ± 0.29 | 1.52 ± 0.75 | 0.044 * | 0.668 | |
Borg Scale | 6.00 ± 0.93 | 6.18 ± 1.05 | 0.622 | 0.181 | |
Uncontrolled external environment | |||||
Time (min) | 5.11 ± 0.68 | 4.97 ± 1.26 | 0.172 | 0.138 | |
MET | 1.31 ± 0.40 | 2.58 ± 1.32 | 0.009 * | 1.302 | |
Borg Scale | 6.63 ± 1.06 | 7.09 ± 1.11 | 0.342 | 0.424 |
Without Cognitive Impairment (n = 11) | With Cognitive Impairment (n = 19) | p-Value | d-Cohen | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Controlled residential environment | |||||
Time (min) | 5.30 ± 1.17 | 6.01 ± 1.45 | 0.181 | 0.539 | |
MET | 1.76 ± 0.95 | 1.22 ± 0.36 | 0.111 | 0.752 | |
Borg Scale | 6.09 ± 1.22 | 6.16 ± 0.90 | 0.701 | 0.065 | |
Uncontrolled external environment | |||||
Time (min) | 4.81 ± 0.61 | 5.13 ± 1.33 | 0.713 | 0.309 | |
MET | 2.57 ± 1.29 | 2.05 ± 1.26 | 0.162 | 0.408 | |
Borg Scale | 6.91 ± 1.30 | 7.00 ± 1.00 | 0.688 | 0.08 |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Obeso-Benítez, P.; Martínez-Piédrola, R.M.; Serrada-Tejeda, S.; Hernández-Hernández, L.; García-González, Ó.; Sánchez-Herrera-Baeza, P.; Pérez-de-Heredia-Torres, M. Use of Wearables in Frail Institutionalized Older Adults While Ambulating in Different Environments. Appl. Sci. 2024, 14, 5158. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14125158
Obeso-Benítez P, Martínez-Piédrola RM, Serrada-Tejeda S, Hernández-Hernández L, García-González Ó, Sánchez-Herrera-Baeza P, Pérez-de-Heredia-Torres M. Use of Wearables in Frail Institutionalized Older Adults While Ambulating in Different Environments. Applied Sciences. 2024; 14(12):5158. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14125158
Chicago/Turabian StyleObeso-Benítez, Paula, Rosa M. Martínez-Piédrola, Sergio Serrada-Tejeda, Lucía Hernández-Hernández, Óscar García-González, Patricia Sánchez-Herrera-Baeza, and Marta Pérez-de-Heredia-Torres. 2024. "Use of Wearables in Frail Institutionalized Older Adults While Ambulating in Different Environments" Applied Sciences 14, no. 12: 5158. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14125158
APA StyleObeso-Benítez, P., Martínez-Piédrola, R. M., Serrada-Tejeda, S., Hernández-Hernández, L., García-González, Ó., Sánchez-Herrera-Baeza, P., & Pérez-de-Heredia-Torres, M. (2024). Use of Wearables in Frail Institutionalized Older Adults While Ambulating in Different Environments. Applied Sciences, 14(12), 5158. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14125158