Influence of Wheel-Rail Contact Algorithms on Running Safety Assessment of Trains under Earthquakes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Wheel-Rail Contact Model
2.1. Wheel-Rail Contact Geometry Calculation
2.2. Wheel-Rail Contact Force Calculation
3. Dynamic Analysis Model of Train-Track Coupling System under Earthquakes
3.1. Train Subsystem
3.2. Track Subsystem
3.3. Train-Track Coupling
4. Comparison of Different Wheel-Rail Contact Models
4.1. Comparison under Ordinary Conditions
4.2. Comparison under Seismic Conditions
4.2.1. Wheel-Rail Contact Dynamics
4.2.2. Running Safety Assessment
5. Model Validation
6. Conclusions
- Using different wheel-rail contact algorithms will significantly affect the calculation accuracy of wheel-rail force in the case of flange-root contact under earthquakes. The most significant influence is due to the normal compression algorithm. Using an algorithm based on vertical penetration can lead to a maximum relative error of 339.50% for the case considered in this study. The consideration of the number of wheel-rail contact points also has a notable impact, with a maximum relative error of 35.00% caused by only considering single point contact. The influence of the normal contact stiffness algorithm is the least significant, with a maximum relative calculation error of 23.55% caused by using the empirical formula.
- Using different wheel-rail contact algorithms will have a significant impact on the indices of running safety assessment under earthquakes. Using wheel-rail normal compression algorithm based on vertical penetration will significantly underestimating the train running safety margin, while only considering the wheel-rail single point contact will overestimate the train running safety margin, and using the wheel-rail normal contact empirical formula has little impact.
- To ensure the accuracy of running safety assessment of trains under earthquakes, it is recommended to use the normal compression algorithm based on normal penetration and consider multi-point contact in wheel-rail contact modelling.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Wheel-Rail Contact Model | Consideration of Contact Point | Calculation Basis for Normal Compression Amount | Algorithm for Normal Contact Stiffness |
---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | Single-point contact | Vertical penetration | Empirical formula |
Model 2 | Multipoint contact | Vertical penetration | Empirical formula |
Model 3 | Multipoint contact | Normal penetration | Empirical formula |
Model 4 | Multipoint contact | Normal penetration | Theoretical formula |
Running Safety Indices | Q/P | ∆P/P | ∑Q (kN) |
---|---|---|---|
Limit | 0.8 | 0.8 | 55 |
Running Safety Indices | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Q/P | 0.83 | 0.87 | 0.78 | 0.78 |
∆P/P | 0.95 | 1.0 | 0.80 | 0.79 |
∑Q (kN) | 228.79 | 250.99 | 49.33 | 46.65 |
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Cai, G.; Zhu, Z.; Gong, W.; Zhou, G.; Jiang, L.; Ye, B. Influence of Wheel-Rail Contact Algorithms on Running Safety Assessment of Trains under Earthquakes. Appl. Sci. 2023, 13, 5230. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13095230
Cai G, Zhu Z, Gong W, Zhou G, Jiang L, Ye B. Influence of Wheel-Rail Contact Algorithms on Running Safety Assessment of Trains under Earthquakes. Applied Sciences. 2023; 13(9):5230. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13095230
Chicago/Turabian StyleCai, Guanmian, Zhihui Zhu, Wei Gong, Gaoyang Zhou, Lizhong Jiang, and Bailong Ye. 2023. "Influence of Wheel-Rail Contact Algorithms on Running Safety Assessment of Trains under Earthquakes" Applied Sciences 13, no. 9: 5230. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13095230