Electromagnetic Ultrasonic Shear-Horizontal Wave to Detect Corrosion Defect of Flat Steel for Grounding Device of Transmission Pole Tower
Round 1
Reviewer 1 Report
Based on the results presented in the study, the following technical comments are to be addressed:
1. Please remove ‘Research on’ from the title
2. In the abstract, the following items should be identified:
o Whether a 2D or a 3D model was developed;
o Some features of the material and structural modelling;
o The method of load application;
o The type of analysis: linear or nonlinear;
o The terms used to present the numerical results.
3. The authors used long sentences in the paper such as a sentence used from line 13-18 and a sentence from line 58-64;
4. In the section of ‘Materials and Methods’, the authors should detail both the structural modelling and material modelling for the various members used in their study;
5. The study missed to describe the method of applied load as well as the sensitivity analysis for mesh size;
6. The presentation of numerical predictions should include comparison with experimental results to identify the accuracy of the numerical model;
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Reviewer 2 Report
This is a well written paper on an interesting and valuable subject.
the use shear horizontal surface waves to measure the degree of roughness due to corrosion is important.
Author Response
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Reviewer 3 Report
This paper discusses about the viability of utilizing fundamental shear-horizontal ultrasonic guided wavemode SH0, for corrosion monitoring of transmission tower grounding flat steel. Simulation and experimental results are presented for different variations of synthetic slotted defect in steel specimen.
The study lacks novelty in the technique employed for the intended application of corrosion monitoring/detection in steel. There are a number of published works which discuss corrosion detection/monitoring using ultrasonic guided waves. Some seminal papers are mentioned below with associated short descriptions. None of these are cited in the current paper. Neither the authors point out why their study is different from the above published works utilizing ultrasonic guided waves for corrosion monitoring. The synthetic defect lacks clarity in terms of how it is related to the real corrosion defects seen in the grounding steel. There is also lack of clarity in terms of how the technique discussed in the paper will be applied in the field, since there will be refections from edges and other sources, and when the specimen itself will have geometric bends.
[1] Paul Fromme, Paul D. Wilcox, Michael J.S. Lowe, and Peter Cawley, “On the development and testing of a Guided Ultrasonic Wave Array for Structural Integrity Monitoring”, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, (2006).
This paper discusses the ability of a piezoelectric wafer-based circular array, which can be bonded to the specimen surface, to detect and image various types of defects including pitting corrosion and generalized corrosion defects relying on the fundamental asymmetric Lamb wavemode.
[2] Paul Fromme, Fabine Bernhard, and Bernhard Masserey, “High-Frequency Guided Ultrasonic Waves to Monitor Corrosion Thickness Loss”, AIP Conference Proceedings 1806, 030006-1-030006-8, (2017).
The authors discuss steel corrosion damage detection in difficult to reach areas using the beat-phenomenon of Pseudo-Rayleigh waves at high frequency-thickness product.
[3] Sandeep Sharma and Abhijit Mukherjee, “Ultrasonic guided waves for monitoring corrosion in submerged plates”, Structural Control and Health Monitoring, (2014).
This paper highlights multi-modal guided wave approach for different types of corrosion defects. Mild-steel plates are subjected to varying degrees of corrosion defect.
[4] Alireza Farhidzadeh and Salvatore Salamone, “Reference-free corrosion damage diagnosis in steel strands using guided ultrasonic waves”, Ultrasonics, (2015).
This paper discusses a reference-free guided waves based corrosion detection algorithm which estimates steel strands cross-section loss by using dispersion curves, continuous wavelet transform, and wave velocity.
[5] Benjamin L Erwin, Jennifer T. Bernhard, Daniel A. Kuchma, and Henrique Reis, “Estimation of corrosion damage to steel reinforced mortar using frequency sweeps of guided mechanical waves”, Proc. SPIE 6174, Smart Structures and Materials, (2006).
The authors in this paper discuss the ability to quantify corrosion damage based on fundamental longitudinal wavemode L(0,1), in steel-reinforced mortar specimens by tracking changes in waveform energy.
Author Response
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Round 2
Reviewer 1 Report
The following technical comments need to be addressed:
1/ Please change the manuscript title to 'Electromagnetic Ultrasonic SH wave to detect Corrosion Defect of flat steel for grounding device of transmission pole Tower'.
2/ The authors mentioned that they have removed the word 'research' from the title; however, it is still there;
3/ Please avoid abbreviation 'SH' in the title;
4/ The authors responded to Comment 5 that they provided text in lines 319-328 and 344-353. The text provided in these lines have no relation with the response to the comment;
5/ The authors responded to Comment 6 that they provided text in lines 596-604. The paper does not have even these numbers of lines.
Author Response
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Reviewer 3 Report
Comments:
In the abstract, lines 15-16, instead of directly writing the specific name of the FEA software, please reword the sentence as: “A commercially available software is used to construct a three-dimensional finite element simulation model of the grounding flat steel, with simulated pitting corrosion defects.
In the abstract, line 21, instead of writing “under different defects”, reword the sentence as: “The simulation studies the propagation and attenuation characteristics of the fundamental shear-horizontal ultrasonic guided wavemode, SH0, for simulated corrosion defect with different geometric configurations in grounded flat steel”.
The additional discussion added between lines 100-114 about ultrasonic guided waves application for corrosion monitoring, seems to be out of sync with the rest of the Introduction section. The authors need to connect these published works to the work in the paper, in terms of how these complement and how the present work extends the state-of-the-art in corrosion monitoring using ultrasonic guided waves for grounded flat steel.
Lines 146-171 should be removed as this section is well established and one can refer to any standard textbook on ultrasonic guided waves in solid media for details about shear-horizontal guided waves.
Lines 236-238, please add relevant reference(s) which mentions that an error of 2% is acceptable for ultrasonic simulations. Add discussion around the element size with respect to shortest wavelength, and the time-step with respect to the maximum element size and speed of SH0 wavemode.
Please add relevant reference for corrosion pit discussion between lines 275-277, where the authors mention: “the corrosion pit morphology is generally predominant”.
In line-413 the authors mention “ the possibility of multiple artificial defects in a single sample…”. Please elaborate what these artificial defects are.
Line-421, the Figure number should be 14, instead of 13.
Lines 437-442 have different text format. Also, the Section heading for Conclusion is absorbed into line-442. Please make relevant changes.
Line-476 uses the term electromagnetic ultrasound. It should instead be ultrasonic guided wave, which is being generated in the substrate using electromagnetic acoustic transducers.
Author Response
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Round 3
Reviewer 1 Report
No further comments
Author Response
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Reviewer 3 Report
All the comments were addressed.
