Spatial Deformation Calculation and Parameter Analysis of Pile–Anchor Retaining Structure
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Spatial Deformation and Soil Pressure Distribution of Retaining Structure
2.1. Spatial Deformation of Retaining Structure
2.1.1. Crown Beam Deformation
2.1.2. Pile Deformation
2.1.3. Waist Beam Deformation
2.1.4. Anchor Cable Deformation
2.2. Distribution of Soil Pressure behind the Structure
- c: Cohesive force of the soil mass (kPa).
- γ: Density of the soil mass (kN/m3).
- q: Overload on the slope top (Pa).
- ka: Active soil pressure coefficient.
- φ: Internal friction angle of the soil mass (°).
- m: Foundation resistance coefficient.
- H: Excavation depth of the foundation pit (m).
3. Calculation of Retaining Structure Deformation
3.1. Calculation of Strain Energy of Support Structure
3.2. Deformation Prediction Formula
4. Engineering Background and Numerical Simulation Model
4.1. Project Profile
4.2. Numerical Simulation Model
4.2.1. Model Size and Boundary Conditions
4.2.2. Material Parameters
4.2.3. Calculation Steps
4.3. Comparative Analysis of Results
4.3.1. Comparison of Crown Beam Deformation
4.3.2. Comparison of Pile Deformation
5. Parameters Analysis on Deformation
5.1. Waist Beam Size and Strength
5.2. Pile Size and Strength
5.3. Crown Beam Size and Strength
6. Conclusions
- (1)
- The theoretical prediction formula and numerical simulation model demonstrate practical applicability, with small errors observed when compared to on-site monitoring results.
- (2)
- The crown beam exhibits a ‘V’-shaped horizontal deformation curve, and the proximity to the center line of the foundation pit correlates with greater horizontal deformation. The maximum horizontal deformation of the crown beam is measured at 13.23 mm (theoretical), 12.44 mm (numerical simulation), and 12.60 mm (on-site monitoring). The differences in the horizontal distribution arise due to the treatment of the crown beam and pile as a whole in the numerical simulation model.
- (3)
- The horizontal deformation curve of the pile also exhibits a ‘V’-shaped distribution. The maximum horizontal deformation of the pile is observed at different depths (z = 33 m, z = 20 m, and z = 26 m) in the theoretical calculation, numerical simulation, and on-site monitoring, respectively. This discrepancy is attributed to the simplifications made in the theoretical calculation and numerical simulation, which do not account for the actual excavation steps. Future research can focus on modifying the spatial deformation curve of the retaining structure based on these findings.
- (4)
- The size and material strength of the waist beam and crown beam have negligible influence on the horizontal deformation of the pile. However, increasing the size and material strength of the pile significantly enhances the overall stiffness of the retaining structure, thereby reducing the horizontal deformation of the pile. Therefore, improving the size and material strength of the pile is crucial in minimizing the deformation of the retaining structure.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
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Stratum | Natural Gravity γ (KN/m3) | Cohesion c (kPa) | Friction Angle φ (°) | Elastic Modulus (MPa) | Poisson’s Ratio | Thickness (m) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plain fill | 19.5 | 12 | 8 | 8 | 0.3 | 2 |
Mucky soil | 18.2 | 12 | 6 | 4 | 0.35 | 5 |
Silty clay | 19.5 | 30 | 18 | 16 | 0.25 | 5 |
Coarse sand | 20.2 | 0 | 35 | 40 | 0.25 | 11 |
Round gravel | 20.5 | 0 | 40 | 60 | 0.25 | 7 |
Argillaceous Siltstone | 21.9 | 40 | 40 | 82 | 0.25 | - |
Material | Elastic Modulus (MPa) | Poisson’s Ratio | Bending Stiffness (N·m2) |
---|---|---|---|
Crown beam | 30,000 | 0.25 | 6.86 × 106 |
Waist beam | 30,000 | 0.25 | 25,000 |
Pile | 30,000 | 0.25 | 4.25 × 106 |
Anchor cable | 200,000 | 0.20 | - |
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Yin, Q.; Fu, H.; Zhou, Y. Spatial Deformation Calculation and Parameter Analysis of Pile–Anchor Retaining Structure. Appl. Sci. 2023, 13, 6637. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13116637
Yin Q, Fu H, Zhou Y. Spatial Deformation Calculation and Parameter Analysis of Pile–Anchor Retaining Structure. Applied Sciences. 2023; 13(11):6637. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13116637
Chicago/Turabian StyleYin, Quan, Helin Fu, and Yi Zhou. 2023. "Spatial Deformation Calculation and Parameter Analysis of Pile–Anchor Retaining Structure" Applied Sciences 13, no. 11: 6637. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13116637
APA StyleYin, Q., Fu, H., & Zhou, Y. (2023). Spatial Deformation Calculation and Parameter Analysis of Pile–Anchor Retaining Structure. Applied Sciences, 13(11), 6637. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13116637