Solid-State Transformer-Based DC Power Distribution Network for Shipboard Applications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. DC Distribution Systems Based on Conventional and Solid-State Transformers
3. Overall System Control
3.1. Generator Side Voltage Source Rectifier
3.2. Dual Active Bridge Converter
3.3. PV Array and ESS
4. Simulation Results
4.1. Full Load Operation of the Shipboard Electric Power System
4.2. Effect of the Propulsion System Dynamics on the SST
4.3. PV-Battery Power Management Algorithm
- (1)
- Stage 1 (0–5 h): In this stage, the generated power from the PV system, , is zero. Due to the limited PV-battery power and the initial , the battery system power, , supports the load demand with 100 kW, which yields considerable reduction in the battery reaching 30% at 5 h. Meanwhile, the rest of the demand is supplied from the DAB power, , with 400 kW.
- (2)
- Stage 2 (5–11.5 h): At 5 h, the controller disconnects the battery system since the SoC drops to the minimum level. Thus, the load demand is initially supplied from the DAB converter () only. Then, the PV system starts to share the load power, , with the DAB converter till the end of this interval. As a result, the DAB power, , share drops to 400 kW.
- (3)
- Stage 3 (11.5–18 h): At the beginning of this interval, the PV power, , becomes higher than the PV-battery power limit, . Thus, the battery charging process is resumed and the power difference between the PV power, , and the limit power, , is fed back to the ESS. This, therefore, justifies the negative value of the ESS power, . During this period, the DAB supplies 400 kW to the load, whereas the PV-battery system shares the remaining load demand. In addition, the battery rises to 45% at the end of the period.
- (4)
- Stage 4 (18–21.5 h): At 18 h, the battery SoC becomes higher than 30%, and the PV power, , drops below the limit power, . Thus, the battery is discharging to maintain the average power supplied by the PV-battery system, , 100 kW. Moreover, the DAB delivers the remaining power of 400 kW to meet the load demand.
- (5)
- Stage 5 (21.5–24 h): The battery is disconnected since its decreases below 30%, and the DAB shares power with the PV to supply the load demand. In that case, the DAB power increases from 470 kW at 21.5 h and ends with 500 kW at 24 h.
5. Experimental Investigation
6. Conclusions
- An efficient SST is proposed based on SiC switches; therefore, the system efficiency can be considerably increased. Moreover, the DC voltages at the DAB sides were well-regulated under steady-state and dynamic conditions.
- The effect of propulsion motor dynamics on the proposed system components has been presented, a key contribution of this study. It is clear that the DC voltages are regulated during the whole process of the proposed system.
- A power management strategy was efficiently employed to control demand at the LVDC side by optimally dispatching the load among the main generation unit, PV array, and ESS.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Conventional System | Proposed System | |
---|---|---|
Transformer | High rating power transformer | Less rating power transformer |
Distribution | AC | DC |
Generation | Diesel generators | Hybrid |
Main functions | Voltage transformation, isolation, and power transmission | Voltage transformation, isolation, and power transmission |
Additional functions | None | Automatic voltage regulation, power factor correction, power flow control, fault current limitation |
Core-Type Transformer | Solid-State Transformer | |
---|---|---|
Converter rating | Full power rating | Cascaded and multilevel topologies at lower ratings |
Semiconductor devices count | 12 (in case of utilizing three-phase PWM back to back converters) | 8 (in case of utilizing full power rated H-bridges and higher for MMC topologies) |
Overall system efficiency range | 88–92% | >95% |
Transformer power density | 0.2–0.35 kVA/kg | 0.5–0.75 kVA/kg |
Category | Parameter | Value | Category | Parameter | Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
GS-VSR | Rated power | 2 MVA | Propulsion drive system | Rated power | 1.5 MW |
Line voltage | 6.6 kV (rms) | Rated voltage | 6.6 kV | ||
Frequency | 60 Hz | Rated frequency | 50 Hz | ||
Interface inductor | 4.44 mH | α–β components | Rs = 0.654 Ω | ||
Switching frequency | 20 kHz | Rr = 0.521 Ω | |||
HVDC link voltage | 10 kV | Lls = 13.8 mH | |||
HVDC link capacitor | 5593 µH | Llr = 12.7 mH | |||
DAB | Rated power | 500 kVA | Lm = 656 mH | ||
Voltage ratio (prim/sec) | 10,000 V/ 650 V | x–y components | Rxy = 0.8576 Ω | ||
Current ratio (prim/sec) | 50 A/769 A | Lxy = 3 mH | |||
Switching frequency | 20 kHz | 0 + 0- components | R0 = 1.2 Ω | ||
DAB leakage inductance | 1.25 mH | ||||
HFT magnetizing inductance | 62.8 mH | L0 = 15.9 mH | |||
Capacity | 29 kAhr | Inertia | 50 | ||
Voltage | 48 V | Friction coeffcient | 0.01 | ||
Rated speed | 1500 rpm | ||||
Battery | Capacity | 29 kAhr | PV | Power | 130 kW |
Voltage | 48 V | Voltage | 145 V |
Parameter | Value | Category | Parameter | Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
GS-VSR | Rated power | 2 kW | Propulsion drive system | Rated power | 1 kW |
Phase voltage | 110 V (rms) | Voltage | 150 V (peak) | ||
Frequency | 50 Hz | Phase current | 2.8 A (rms) | ||
DAB | Rated power | 1 kW | Rated frequency | 50 Hz | |
Voltage ratio (prim/sec) | 500 V/250 V | PV | Power | 100 W | |
Current ratio (prim/sec) | 2 A/4 A | Output voltage | 250 V |
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Ismail, A.; Abdel-Majeed, M.S.; Metwly, M.Y.; Abdel-Khalik, A.S.; Hamad, M.S.; Ahmed, S.; Hamdan, E.; Elmalhy, N.A. Solid-State Transformer-Based DC Power Distribution Network for Shipboard Applications. Appl. Sci. 2022, 12, 2001. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12042001
Ismail A, Abdel-Majeed MS, Metwly MY, Abdel-Khalik AS, Hamad MS, Ahmed S, Hamdan E, Elmalhy NA. Solid-State Transformer-Based DC Power Distribution Network for Shipboard Applications. Applied Sciences. 2022; 12(4):2001. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12042001
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsmail, Abdelrahman, Mahmoud S. Abdel-Majeed, Mohamed Y. Metwly, Ayman S. Abdel-Khalik, Mostafa S. Hamad, Shehab Ahmed, Eman Hamdan, and Noha A. Elmalhy. 2022. "Solid-State Transformer-Based DC Power Distribution Network for Shipboard Applications" Applied Sciences 12, no. 4: 2001. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12042001
APA StyleIsmail, A., Abdel-Majeed, M. S., Metwly, M. Y., Abdel-Khalik, A. S., Hamad, M. S., Ahmed, S., Hamdan, E., & Elmalhy, N. A. (2022). Solid-State Transformer-Based DC Power Distribution Network for Shipboard Applications. Applied Sciences, 12(4), 2001. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12042001