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Volume 12
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10.3390/app12020627
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Article

Fast and Accurate Solution of Integral Formulations of Large MQS Problems Based on Hybrid OpenMP–MPI Parallelization

by
Salvatore Ventre
1,2,
Francesca Cau
3,
Andrea Chiariello
2,4,
Gaspare Giovinco
5,
Antonio Maffucci
1,2,* and
Fabio Villone
6
1
Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, 03043 Cassino, Italy
2
C.R.E.A.T.E. Consortium, 80125 Naples, Italy
3
Fusion for Energy (F4E), 08019 Barcelona, Spain
4
Department of Engineering, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81031 Aversa, Italy
5
Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, 03043 Cassino, Italy
6
Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Napoli, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(2), 627; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12020627
Submission received: 24 December 2021 / Revised: 5 January 2022 / Accepted: 6 January 2022 / Published: 10 January 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Electromagnetism)
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Abstract

This paper proposes an optimal strategy to parallelize the solution of large 3D magneto-quasi-static (MQS) problems, by combining the MPI and OpenMP approaches. The studied numerical problem comes from a weak-form integral formulation of a MQS problem and is finally cast in terms of a large linear system to be solved by means of a direct method. For this purpose, two main tasks are identified: the assembly and the inversion of the matrices. The paper focuses on the optimization of the resources required for assembling the matrices, by exploiting the feature of a hybrid OpenMP–MPI approach. Specifically, the job is shared between clusters of nodes in parallel by adopting an OpenMP paradigm at the node level and a MPI one at the process level between nodes. Compared with other solutions, such as pure MPI, this hybrid parallelization optimizes the available resources, with respect to the speed, allocated memory, and the communication between nodes. These advantages are clearly observed in the case studies analyzed in this paper, coming from the study of large plasma fusion machines, such as the fusion reactor ITER. Indeed, the MQS problems associated with such applications are characterized by a huge computational cost that requires parallel computing approaches.
Keywords: eddy currents; fusion technology; integral equations; magneto-quasi-statics; MPI; OpenMP; parallel computing eddy currents; fusion technology; integral equations; magneto-quasi-statics; MPI; OpenMP; parallel computing

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ventre, S.; Cau, F.; Chiariello, A.; Giovinco, G.; Maffucci, A.; Villone, F. Fast and Accurate Solution of Integral Formulations of Large MQS Problems Based on Hybrid OpenMP–MPI Parallelization. Appl. Sci. 2022, 12, 627. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12020627

AMA Style

Ventre S, Cau F, Chiariello A, Giovinco G, Maffucci A, Villone F. Fast and Accurate Solution of Integral Formulations of Large MQS Problems Based on Hybrid OpenMP–MPI Parallelization. Applied Sciences. 2022; 12(2):627. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12020627

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ventre, Salvatore, Francesca Cau, Andrea Chiariello, Gaspare Giovinco, Antonio Maffucci, and Fabio Villone. 2022. "Fast and Accurate Solution of Integral Formulations of Large MQS Problems Based on Hybrid OpenMP–MPI Parallelization" Applied Sciences 12, no. 2: 627. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12020627

APA Style

Ventre, S., Cau, F., Chiariello, A., Giovinco, G., Maffucci, A., & Villone, F. (2022). Fast and Accurate Solution of Integral Formulations of Large MQS Problems Based on Hybrid OpenMP–MPI Parallelization. Applied Sciences, 12(2), 627. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12020627

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