Differences in Fitness and Academic Attainment between Obese, and Non Obese School-Age Adolescent Handball Players: An Explorative, Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:Featured Application
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Approach to the Problem
2.2. Subjects
2.3. Testing Schedule
2.3.1. Anthropometry
2.3.2. Physical Performance
- Squat (SJ) and Counter Movement Jump (CMJ) Tests
- Sprint Tests
- Ability to Change Direction (T-Half Tests)
- Medicine Ball Overhead Throw
- The Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1)
2.3.3. Academic Attainment
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Intrarater Reliability
3.2. Normal Distribution and Variance Homogeneity
3.3. Age and Anthropometric Data
3.4. Physical Fitness
3.5. Academic Performance
3.6. Relationships between Parameters
4. Discussions
4.1. Physical Performance
4.2. Academic Performance
4.3. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Test | Session One Mean ± SD | Session Two Mean ± SD | ICC (95% CI) | CV (%) (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|
15 m sprint (s) | 2.75 ± 0.29 | 2.81 ± 0.29 | 0.98 (0.82–0.99) | 1.9 (1.4–2.8) |
30 m sprint (s) | 5.07 ± 0.75 | 5.03 ± 0.77 | 0.94 (0.88–0.97) | 6.9 (5.4–10.7) |
Agility T-half test (s) | 7.10 ± 0.58 | 7.13 ± 0.58 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 0.4 (0.3–0.5) |
CMJ (cm) | 34.8 ± 5.32 | 33.6 ± 5.33 | 0.99 (0.31–1.00) | 1.4 (1.1–2.1) |
SJ (cm) | 30.8 ± 7.43 | 30.1 ± 7.31 | 0.98 (0.96–0.99) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) |
Medicine ball throw (m) | 7.92 ± 0.90 | 7.76 ± 0.93 | 0.98 (0.89–1.00) | 1.2 (0.9–1.8) |
Non-Obese (n = 17) | Obese (n = 14) | Observed Power | ANOVA | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
p | ηp2 | ||||
Age (years) | 15.4 ± 1.33 | 15.5 ± 0.94 | 0.055 | 0.836 | 0.002 |
Anthropometric parameters | |||||
Body height (m) | 1.73 ± 0.11 | 1.69 ± 0.08 | 0.138 | 0.382 | 0.027 |
Body mass (kg) | 70.3 ± 13.4 | 86.9 ± 18.4 | 0.802 | 0.007 | 0.226 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.8 ± 5.06 | 30.5 ± 7.18 | 0.838 | 0.005 | 0.243 |
Body fat (%) | 21.5 ± 3.81 | 32.4 ± 1.96 | 1.000 | <0.001 | 0.766 |
Bicipital skinfold (mm) | 12.8 ± 5.73 | 32.6 ± 11.4 | 1.000 | <0.001 | 0.575 |
Tricipital skinfold (mm) | 15.9 ± 5.53 | 34.1 ± 6.83 | 1.000 | <0.001 | 0.697 |
Subscapular (mm) | 16.1 ± 6.74 | 39.5 ± 6.36 | 1.000 | <0.001 | 0.770 |
Suprailiac (mm) | 15.4 ± 6.67 | 39.5 ± 6.36 | 1.000 | <0.001 | 0.770 |
Non-obese (n = 17) | Obese (n = 14) | Observed Power | ANOVA | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
p | ηp2 | ||||
Physical performance parameters | |||||
15 m sprint (s) | 2.64 ± 0.28 | 2.88 ± 0.26 | 0.668 | 0.019 | 0.175 |
30 m sprint (s) | 4.89 ± 0.62 | 5.28 ± 0.87 | 0.282 | 0.163 | 0.066 |
Agility T-half test (s) | 6.82 ± 0.52 | 7.45 ± 0.46 | 0.931 | 0.001 | 0.305 |
CMJ (cm) | 37.9 ± 3.80 | 31.0 ± 4.45 | 0.994 | <0.001 | 0.425 |
SJ (cm) | 32.7 ± 8.85 | 28.5 ± 4.53 | 0.339 | 0.121 | 0.081 |
Yo-Yo IR1 distance (m) | 824 ± 293 | 686 ± 225 | 0.287 | 0.160 | 0.067 |
Medicine ball overhead throw (m) | 7.75 ± 0.93 | 8.12 ± 0.86 | 0.200 | 0.258 | 0.044 |
Academic performance parameters | |||||
Science | 87.4 ± 11.0 | 75.9 ± 13.2 | 0.726 | 0.013 | 0.195 |
Mathematics | 91.4 ± 9.98 | 71.4 ± 16.8 | 0.977 | <0.001 | 0.367 |
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Hermassi, S.; Hayes, L.D.; Schwesig, R. Differences in Fitness and Academic Attainment between Obese, and Non Obese School-Age Adolescent Handball Players: An Explorative, Cross-Sectional Study. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 4185. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11094185
Hermassi S, Hayes LD, Schwesig R. Differences in Fitness and Academic Attainment between Obese, and Non Obese School-Age Adolescent Handball Players: An Explorative, Cross-Sectional Study. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11(9):4185. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11094185
Chicago/Turabian StyleHermassi, Souhail, Lawrence D. Hayes, and René Schwesig. 2021. "Differences in Fitness and Academic Attainment between Obese, and Non Obese School-Age Adolescent Handball Players: An Explorative, Cross-Sectional Study" Applied Sciences 11, no. 9: 4185. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11094185
APA StyleHermassi, S., Hayes, L. D., & Schwesig, R. (2021). Differences in Fitness and Academic Attainment between Obese, and Non Obese School-Age Adolescent Handball Players: An Explorative, Cross-Sectional Study. Applied Sciences, 11(9), 4185. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11094185