Effect of Granulometric Composition of the Soil on the Occurrence of Carrion Beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Research Area
2.2. Analysis of Soil Granulometric Composition
2.3. Collection of Entomological Material
2.4. Nomenclature and Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Soil Granulometric Composition
3.2. Silphidae Species Composition
3.3. Influence of Soil Granulometric Composition on the Occurrence of Silphidae
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- Soil granulometric composition is an important parameter of the soils of the habitat and may determining their colonization by the carrion beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae).
- A positive correlation and a statistically significant relationship were found between the total number of Silphidae and the share of the mechanical fraction of soil with a diameter of 0.05–0.002 mm (silt fraction).
- In the case of representatives of Nicrophorinae, the only species showing a statistically significant relationship between the abundance and the proportion of mechanical fractions was N. vespilloides.
- Among the representatives of Silphinae, a statistically significant relationship between the abundance and the content of soil mechanical fractions occurred in the case of O. thoracicum. P. atrata atrata, and T. sinuatus.
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Locality [UTM] | Geographical Coordinates | Habitat | Study Site | Years | Number of Samples * |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Borek Stary [EA 73] | 49°56′49′′ N 22°6′8′′ E | mid-field balk a | No. 1 | 2009/2010 | 44/48 |
Borek Stary [EA 73] | 49°56′42′′ N 22°6′20′′ E | mid-field tree stand I | No. 2 | 2009/2010 | 44/48 |
Borek Stary [EA 73] | 49°56′54′′ N 22°6′45′′ E | mid-field tree stand II | No. 3 | 2009/2010 | 44/48 |
Rzeszów [EA 74] | 49°59′59′′ N 22°1′35′′ E | osier plantation | No. 4 | 2011/2012 | 44/44 |
Rzeszów [EA 74] | 49°59′56 N 22°1′43′′ E | cluster of trees and shrubs | No. 5 | 2011/2012 | 44/44 |
Rzeszów [EA 74] | 50°0′9′′ N 22°1′53′′ E | urban park | No. 6 | 2011/2012 | 44/44 |
Widna Góra [FA13] | 49°59′29′′ N 22°40′25′′ E | mid-field balk b | No. 7 | 2014 | 48 |
Widna Góra [FA23] | 49°59′35′′ N 22°40′29′′ E | mid-field balk c | No. 8 | 2014 | 48 |
Widna Góra [FA23] | 49°59′35′′ N 22°40′30′′ E | mid-field balk d | No. 9 | 2014 | 48 |
Widna Góra [FA13] | 49°59′29′′ N 22°40′24′′ E | potato crop | No. 10 | 2014 | 48 |
Widna Góra [FA23] | 49°59′35′′ N 22°40′28′′ E | fodder beet crop | No. 11 | 2014 | 48 |
Widna Góra [FA23] | 49°59′35′′ N 22°40′30′′ E | cereal crop | No. 12 | 2014 | 48 |
Widna Góra [FA23] | 49°59′36′′ N 22°40′28′′ E | backyard orchard | No. 13 | 2014 | 48 |
Sites | Fractions | Proportion of Fractions [%] | Texture (USDA) |
---|---|---|---|
Site 1 | sand (2–0.05 mm) | 16 | silt loam (SiL) |
silt (0.05–0.002 mm) | 75 | ||
clay (<0.002 mm) | 9 | ||
Site 2 | sand (2–0.05 mm) | 19 | silt loam (SiL) |
silt (0.05–0.002 mm) | 71 | ||
clay (<0.002 mm) | 10 | ||
Site 3 | sand (2–0.05 mm) | 26 | silt loam (SiL) |
silt (0.05–0.002 mm) | 71 | ||
clay (<0.002 mm) | 3 | ||
Site 4 | sand (2–0.05 mm) | 39 | silt loam (SiL) |
silt (0.05–0.002 mm) | 58 | ||
clay (<0.002 mm) | 3 | ||
Site 5 | sand (2–0.05 mm) | 33 | silt loam (SiL) |
silt (0.05–0.002 mm) | 53 | ||
clay (<0.002 mm) | 14 | ||
Site 6 | sand (2–0.05 mm) | 56 | sandy loam (SL) |
silt (0.05–0.002 mm) | 43 | ||
clay (<0.002 mm) | 1 | ||
Site 7 | sand (2–0.05 mm) | 17 | silt loam (SiL) |
silt (0.05–0.002 mm) | 65 | ||
clay (<0.002 mm) | 18 | ||
Site 8 | sand (2–0.05 mm) | 16 | silt loam (SiL) |
silt (0.05–0.002 mm) | 67 | ||
clay < 0.002 mm | 17 | ||
Site 9 | sand (2–0.05 mm) | 19 | silt loam (SiL) |
silt (0.05–0.002 mm) | 66 | ||
clay < 0.002 mm | 15 | ||
Site 10 | sand (2–0.05 mm) | 10 | silt loam (SiL) |
silt (0.05–0.002 mm) | 75 | ||
clay < 0.002 mm | 15 | ||
Site 11 | sand (2–0.05 mm) | 13 | silt loam (SiL) |
silt (0.05–0.002 mm) | 66 | ||
clay (<0.002 mm) | 21 | ||
Site 12 | sand (2–0.05 mm) | 15 | silty clay loam (SiCL) |
silt (0.05–0.002 mm) | 54 | ||
clay (<0.002 mm) | 31 | ||
Site 13 | sand (2–0.05 mm) | 14 | silt loam (SiL) |
silt (0.05–0.002 mm) | 75 | ||
clay (<0.002 mm) | 11 |
Fraction | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sand (2–0.05 mm) | Silt (0.05–0.002 mm) | Clay (<) | ||||
RP/RS * | p-Value | RP/RS * | p-Value | RP/RS * | p-Value | |
Silphidae—total | −0.430 | 0.143 | 0.648 | 0.017 | 0 | 1 |
Silphidae—species | ||||||
Oiceoptoma thoracicum L. | 0.463 | 0.111 | 0.202 | 0.508 | −0.573 | 0.041 |
Phosphuga atrata atrata L. | 0.637 | 0.019 | −0.508 | 0.077 | −0.301 | 0.318 |
Silpha carinata Hbst. | 0.200 | 0.512 | −0.085 | 0.782 | 0.155 | 0.612 |
Silpha obscura obscura L. | −0.479 | 0.097 | 0.494 | 0.086 | 0.364 | 0.222 |
Silpha tristis Ill | −0.035 | 0.910 | 0.491 | 0.088 | −0.070 | 0.821 |
Thanatophilus rugosus L. | −0.316 | 0.294 | 0.386 | 0.192 | 0.285 | 0.346 |
Thanatophilus sinuatus F. | −0.771 | 0.002 | 0.485 | 0.093 | 0.598 | 0.031 |
Nicrophorus humator Gleditsch | 0.352 | 0.238 | 0.076 | 0.804 | −0.488 | 0.091 |
Nicrophorus interruptus Steph. | −0.011 | 0.971 | 0.019 | 0.950 | −0.008 | 0.979 |
Nicrophorus investigator Zett. | 0.108 | 0.725 | 0.418 | 0.156 | −0.318 | 0.290 |
Nicrophorus sepultor Charp. | −0.030 | 0.921 | 0.190 | 0.535 | 0.189 | 0.537 |
Nicrophorus vespillo L. | −0.033 | 0.915 | 0.213 | 0.485 | 0.138 | 0.653 |
Nicrophorus vespilloides Hbst. | 0.554 | 0.050 | 0.022 | 0.943 | −0.711 | 0.006 |
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Konieczna, K.; Czerniakowski, Z.W.; Szostek, M. Effect of Granulometric Composition of the Soil on the Occurrence of Carrion Beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae). Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 1017. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11031017
Konieczna K, Czerniakowski ZW, Szostek M. Effect of Granulometric Composition of the Soil on the Occurrence of Carrion Beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae). Applied Sciences. 2021; 11(3):1017. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11031017
Chicago/Turabian StyleKonieczna, Karolina, Zbigniew W. Czerniakowski, and Małgorzata Szostek. 2021. "Effect of Granulometric Composition of the Soil on the Occurrence of Carrion Beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae)" Applied Sciences 11, no. 3: 1017. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11031017
APA StyleKonieczna, K., Czerniakowski, Z. W., & Szostek, M. (2021). Effect of Granulometric Composition of the Soil on the Occurrence of Carrion Beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae). Applied Sciences, 11(3), 1017. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11031017