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Volume 11
Issue 19
10.3390/app11198969
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Article

Apatite-Forming Ability of Flowable vs. Putty Formulations of Newly Developed Bioactive Glass-Containing Endodontic Cement

by
Naoki Edanami
1,*,
Razi Saifullah Ibn Belal
1,
Shoji Takenaka
1,
Kunihiko Yoshiba
2,
Nagako Yoshiba
1,
Naoto Ohkura
1,
Shintaro Takahara
1 and
Yuichiro Noiri
1
1
Department of Oral Health Science, Division of Cariology, Operative dentistry and Endodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chou-Ku, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
2
Department of Oral Health and Welfare Science, Division of Oral Health and Welfare, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(19), 8969; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11198969
Submission received: 11 August 2021 / Revised: 19 September 2021 / Accepted: 23 September 2021 / Published: 26 September 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Techniques in Endodontics)
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Abstract

This study compared the apatite-forming ability (AFA) levels of flowable and putty formulations of Nishika Canal Sealer BG Multi (F-NBG and P-NBG, respectively) and attempted to clarify the cause of differences in the AFA levels of F-NBG and P-NBG. NBG samples were aged in simulated body fluid (SBF) or 1-, 5-, or 10-g/L bovine serum albumin-containing SBF (BSA-SBF) and analyzed in terms of their ultrastructures, elemental compositions, and Raman spectra to identify apatite formation. The phosphate ion consumption rates of NBG samples in the media were evaluated as an indicator of apatite growth. The original elemental composition, calcium ion release, and alkalizing ability levels of F-NBG and P-NBG were also evaluated. Apparent apatite formation was detected on all NBG samples except F-NBG aged in 10-g/L BSA-SBF. P-NBG consumed phosphate ions faster than F-NBG. As-prepared P-NBG showed more silicon elements on its surface than as-prepared F-NBG. P-NBG released more calcium ions than F-NBG, although their alkalizing ability levels did not differ statistically. In conclusion, the AFA of P-NBG was greater than that of F-NBG, probably because of the greater ability of P-NBG to expose silanol groups on the surface and release calcium ions.
Keywords: bioactive glass; Nishika Canal Sealer BG Multi; apatite forming ability; albumin; simulated body fluid bioactive glass; Nishika Canal Sealer BG Multi; apatite forming ability; albumin; simulated body fluid

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MDPI and ACS Style

Edanami, N.; Ibn Belal, R.S.; Takenaka, S.; Yoshiba, K.; Yoshiba, N.; Ohkura, N.; Takahara, S.; Noiri, Y. Apatite-Forming Ability of Flowable vs. Putty Formulations of Newly Developed Bioactive Glass-Containing Endodontic Cement. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 8969. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11198969

AMA Style

Edanami N, Ibn Belal RS, Takenaka S, Yoshiba K, Yoshiba N, Ohkura N, Takahara S, Noiri Y. Apatite-Forming Ability of Flowable vs. Putty Formulations of Newly Developed Bioactive Glass-Containing Endodontic Cement. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11(19):8969. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11198969

Chicago/Turabian Style

Edanami, Naoki, Razi Saifullah Ibn Belal, Shoji Takenaka, Kunihiko Yoshiba, Nagako Yoshiba, Naoto Ohkura, Shintaro Takahara, and Yuichiro Noiri. 2021. "Apatite-Forming Ability of Flowable vs. Putty Formulations of Newly Developed Bioactive Glass-Containing Endodontic Cement" Applied Sciences 11, no. 19: 8969. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11198969

APA Style

Edanami, N., Ibn Belal, R. S., Takenaka, S., Yoshiba, K., Yoshiba, N., Ohkura, N., Takahara, S., & Noiri, Y. (2021). Apatite-Forming Ability of Flowable vs. Putty Formulations of Newly Developed Bioactive Glass-Containing Endodontic Cement. Applied Sciences, 11(19), 8969. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11198969

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