Identification and Prioritization of Critical Risk Factors of Commercial and Recreational Complex Building Projects: A Delphi Study Using the TOPSIS Method
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Commercial and Recreational Complex Building Projects (CRCBPs)
3. Perceived Risks of CRCBPs
4. Research Methodology
4.1. Delphi Survey Technique
4.2. Qualitative Risk Assessment
4.3. Quantitative Risk Assessment
5. Calculation Results
5.1. Results of Delphi Survey
5.2. Calculation and Results of Qualitative Risk Assessment
5.3. Calculation and Results of Quantitative Risk Assessment
6. Discussions and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Code | Risks | Vulnerability (−) | Probability of Occurrence of Risk (−) | Risk Detection (+) | Accepting Threat (−) | Impact on the Occurrence of Other Risks (−) | Risk Manageability (+) | Risk Response (+) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 | C6 | C7 | ||
CRF1 | Exchange rate fluctuation | 1/333 | 1/625 | 6/375 | 2/25 | 2/5 | 4/625 | 4/25 |
CRF2 | Inflation fluctuation | 2/667 | 2/375 | 6 | 4 | 3/625 | 4 | 3/875 |
CRF3 | Access to skilled worker | 4/167 | 3/875 | 4/625 | 2/25 | 4/875 | 4/5 | 4 |
CRF4 | Contractor’s claim | 4/5 | 3/625 | 4/75 | 4/125 | 4/875 | 3/5 | 3/625 |
CRF5 | Foreign threats | 2/667 | 2/25 | 5/375 | 1/375 | 2/625 | 5/625 | 5 |
CRF6 | Bank interest fluctuation | 2/167 | 3/5 | 4/875 | 2/25 | 2/25 | 5 | 5/375 |
CRF7 | Lack of qualified consultant | 1/833 | 3/375 | 5/125 | 4/125 | 5/25 | 3/375 | 3/25 |
CRF8 | Traffic permits | 2/333 | 1/375 | 4/625 | 3/75 | 3 | 4/125 | 3/625 |
CRF9 | Unrealistic primary estimation | 4/167 | 4/75 | 3/875 | 4/625 | 4/875 | 3/75 | 3/625 |
CRF10 | Adjacent building condition | 3/333 | 3 | 5 | 3/375 | 5/375 | 4/625 | 4/375 |
CRF11 | Mismatch of job referrals to personnel with related specialized skills | 5/833 | 5/625 | 4/25 | 5/5 | 5/75 | 4 | 4/125 |
CRF12 | Previous employer-related experience and background | 4/667 | 4/625 | 5 | 4 | 4/25 | 4/25 | 4/5 |
CRF13 | Delays in construction | 5 | 4/375 | 4/125 | 4/75 | 4/25 | 4/125 | 3/75 |
CRF14 | Regional standard changes (firefighting-master plans, etc.) | 4/5 | 3/5 | 5/25 | 3/25 | 4 | 4/625 | 4/625 |
CRF15 | Changes in the legal obligations of contracts | 5/633 | 5/5 | 3/375 | 5/75 | 6 | 3 | 3/625 |
CRF16 | Mismatch between demand and available resources | 5/167 | 4/625 | 4 | 4/875 | 4/375 | 3/375 | 3 |
CRF17 | Lack of using appropriate methods in workshop management | 6/167 | 5/865 | 3/375 | 6/125 | 6/75 | 3/25 | 3/625 |
CRF18 | Change in duties of imported equipment | 4/5 | 4/125 | 4/625 | 4/5 | 4/625 | 3/5 | 3/875 |
CRF19 | Lack of on time finance | 4/167 | 4 | 5/25 | 4/25 | 5 | 3/25 | 3/5 |
CRF20 | Inappropriate finance | 4/167 | 4 | 4/625 | 4 | 5/625 | 3/375 | 3/5 |
CRF21 | Law changes and economic policies of materials | 5/633 | 5/5 | 3/5 | 4/875 | 6/25 | 2/75 | 3/125 |
CRF22 | Bankruptcy | 4/833 | 5/875 | 3 | 3/875 | 3/5 | 4/875 | 4 |
CRF23 | Incomplete plan | 6/333 | 6/125 | 2 | 6/375 | 6/625 | 2/125 | 1/625 |
CRF24 | Poor technical specifications | 6/5 | 6/375 | 1/75 | 7/25 | 7 | 1/375 | 1/125 |
CRF25 | Failure to complete work items in anticipated times | 5 | 4/75 | 4/25 | 5 | 5 | 3/625 | 3 |
Risks | − | − | + | − | − | + | + |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 | C6 | C7 | |
CRF1 | 0/0590 | 0/074 | 0/284 | 0/101 | 0/101 | 0/238 | 0/225 |
CRF2 | 0/118 | 0/108 | 0/267 | 0/179 | 0/147 | 0/205 | 0/205 |
CRF3 | 0/184 | 0/176 | 0/206 | 0/101 | 0/197 | 0/231 | 0/211 |
CRF4 | 0/199 | 0/165 | 0/212 | 0/185 | 0/197 | 0/180 | 0/192 |
CRF5 | 0/118 | 0/102 | 0/239 | 0/062 | 0/106 | 0/289 | 0/264 |
CRF6 | 0/096 | 0/159 | 0/217 | 0/101 | 0/091 | 0/257 | 0/284 |
CRF7 | 0/081 | 0/153 | 0/228 | 0/185 | 0/212 | 0/173 | 0/172 |
CRF8 | 0/103 | 0/063 | 0/206 | 0/168 | 0/121 | 0/212 | 0/192 |
CRF9 | 0/184 | 0/216 | 0/173 | 0/207 | 0/197 | 0/193 | 0/192 |
CRF10 | 0/148 | 0/136 | 0/223 | 0/151 | 0/217 | 0/228 | 0/231 |
CRF11 | 0/258 | 0/256 | 0/189 | 0/246 | 0/233 | 0/205 | 0/218 |
CRF12 | 0/207 | 0/210 | 0/223 | 0/179 | 0/172 | 0/218 | 0/238 |
CRF13 | 0/221 | 0/199 | 0/184 | 0/213 | 0/212 | 0/212 | 0/198 |
CRF14 | 0/199 | 0/159 | 0/234 | 0/145 | 0/162 | 0/238 | 0/244 |
CRF15 | 0/249 | 0/250 | 0/150 | 0/257 | 0/243 | 0/154 | 0/192 |
CRF16 | 0/229 | 0/210 | 0/178 | 0/218 | 0/177 | 0/173 | 0/158 |
CRF17 | 0/273 | 0/267 | 0/150 | 0/274 | 0/273 | 0/167 | 0/192 |
CRF18 | 0/199 | 0/188 | 0/206 | 0/201 | 0/187 | 0/180 | 0/205 |
CRF19 | 0/184 | 0/182 | 0/234 | 0/190 | 0/202 | 0/167 | 0/185 |
CRF20 | 0/184 | 0/182 | 0/206 | 0/179 | 0/228 | 0/173 | 0/185 |
CRF21 | 0/249 | 0/25 | 0/156 | 0/218 | 0/253 | 0/141 | 0/165 |
CRF22 | 0/214 | 0/267 | 0/134 | 0/173 | 0/142 | 1/250 | 0/211 |
CRF23 | 0/280 | 0/279 | 0/089 | 0/285 | 0/268 | 0/109 | 0/086 |
CRF24 | 0/288 | 0/290 | 0/078 | 0/325 | 0/283 | 0/071 | 0/059 |
CRF25 | 0/221 | 0/216 | 0/189 | 0/224 | 0/202 | 0/186 | 0/158 |
Criteria | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 | C6 | C7 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
wj | 0/0633 | 0/089 | 0/0544 | 0/135 | 0/08 | 0/1 | 0/053 |
Risks | (−) | (−) | (+) | (−) | (−) | (+) | (+) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 | C6 | C7 | |
CRF1 | 0/004 | 0/007 | 0/015 | 0/014 | 0/008 | 0/024 | 0/012 |
CRF2 | 0/007 | 0/010 | 0/015 | 0/024 | 0/012 | 0/021 | 0/011 |
CRF3 | 0/012 | 0/016 | 0/011 | 0/014 | 0/016 | 0/023 | 0/011 |
CRF4 | 0/013 | 0/015 | 0/012 | 0/025 | 0/016 | 0/018 | 0/010 |
CRF5 | 0/007 | 0/009 | 0/013 | 0/008 | 0/008 | 0/029 | 0/014 |
CRF6 | 0/006 | 0/014 | 0/012 | 0/014 | 0/007 | 0/026 | 0/015 |
CRF7 | 0/005 | 0/014 | 0/012 | 0/025 | 0/017 | 0/017 | 0/009 |
CRF8 | 0/007 | 0/006 | 0/011 | 0/023 | 0/010 | 0/021 | 0/010 |
CRF9 | 0/012 | 0/019 | 0/009 | 0/028 | 0/016 | 0/019 | 0/010 |
CRF10 | 0/009 | 0/012 | 0/012 | 0/020 | 0/017 | 0/024 | 0/012 |
CRF11 | 0/016 | 0/023 | 0/010 | 0/023 | 0/019 | 0/021 | 0/012 |
CRF12 | 0/013 | 0/019 | 0/012 | 0/024 | 0/014 | 0/022 | 0/013 |
CRF13 | 0/014 | 0/018 | 0/010 | 0/029 | 0/017 | 0/021 | 0/011 |
CRF14 | 0/013 | 0/014 | 0/013 | 0/020 | 0/013 | 0/024 | 0/013 |
CRF15 | 0/016 | 0/022 | 0/008 | 0/035 | 0/019 | 0/015 | 0/010 |
CRF16 | 0/014 | 0/019 | 0/010 | 0/029 | 0/014 | 0/017 | 0/008 |
CRF17 | 0/017 | 0/024 | 0/008 | 0/037 | 0/022 | 0/017 | 0/010 |
CRF18 | 0/013 | 0/017 | 0/011 | 0/027 | 0/015 | 0/018 | 0/011 |
CRF19 | 0/012 | 0/016 | 0/013 | 0/026 | 0/016 | 0/017 | 0/010 |
CRF20 | 0/012 | 0/016 | 0/011 | 0/024 | 0/018 | 0/017 | 0/010 |
CRF21 | 0/016 | 0/022 | 0/008 | 0/029 | 0/020 | 0/014 | 0/009 |
CRF22 | 0/014 | 0/024 | 0/007 | 0/023 | 0/011 | 0/025 | 0/011 |
CRF23 | 0/018 | 0/025 | 0/005 | 0/038 | 0/021 | 0/011 | 0/005 |
CRF24 | 0/018 | 0/026 | 0/004 | 0/044 | 0/023 | 0/007 | 0/002 |
CRF25 | 0/014 | 0/019 | 0/010 | 0/030 | 0/016 | 0/019 | 0/008 |
Positive and Negative Ideals | (−) | (−) | (+) | (−) | (−) | (+) | (+) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 | C6 | C7 | |
A+ | 0/004 | 0/006 | 0/015 | 0/008 | 0/007 | 0/029 | 0/015 |
A− | 0/018 | 0/026 | 0/004 | 0/044 | 0/023 | 0/007 | 0/003 |
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Sample Features | Code | No. (%) |
---|---|---|
Age | <30 years | 6 (20.0) |
30–45 years | 15 (50.0) | |
>45 years | 9 (30.0) | |
Education | Bachelor’s degree | 14 (46.7) |
Master’s degree | 11 (36.7) | |
PhD degree | 5 (16.7) | |
Tenure in the construction sector | <10 years | 9 (30.0) |
10–20 years | 8 (26.7) | |
>20 years | 13 (43.3) | |
Field of activity | Public | 2 (6.7) |
Private | 21 (70.0) | |
Both | 7 (23.3) | |
Role | Client | 8 (26.7) |
Consultant | 16 (53.3) | |
Contractor | 6 (20.0) | |
Job Position | Architect | 5 (16.7) |
Director | 3 (13.3) | |
Engineer—Civil, Electrical and Mechanical | 7 (23.3) | |
General Manger—Procurement and Contracts | 3 (10.0) | |
Project Manager | 3 (10.0) | |
Senior Project Manager | 4 (13.3) | |
Technical Director | 4 (13.3) |
No. | Chapter RBS Level 1 | Group RBS Level 2 | Risk RBS Level 3 | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
R1 | External | Social | Dissatisfaction | [2,24,70] |
R2 | Sabotage | [2,24,37,70,71] | ||
R3 | Economical | Exchange rate fluctuation | [10,35,36,70] | |
R4 | Inflation | [8,37,56,64,70] | ||
R5 | Government economic policies | [11,70,72] | ||
R6 | Political | Government policies | [37,41,70,73] | |
R7 | Foreign threats | [8,11,49,70,74] | ||
R8 | Political events | [12,70,71] | ||
R9 | Legal | Changes in law | [8,11,70] | |
R10 | Standards and requirements | [3,35,48,70,71] | ||
R11 | Regional standards | [10,33,64,70] | ||
R12 | Changing point view of government organization | [12,36,70,72] | ||
R13 | Natural | Earthquake | [12,33,64,70] | |
R14 | Storm | [11,35,49,70] | ||
R15 | Flood | [8,36,70] | ||
R16 | Fire | [37,41,70,73] | ||
R17 | Technical | Lack of documentation on the changes in project | [3,36,70,71,72] | |
R18 | Lack of acceptance changes control | [11,24,56,70,74] | ||
R19 | Internal | Work force | Availability of skilled worker | [3,36,56,70] |
R20 | Salary amount | [10,24,64,70] | ||
R21 | Work standards and behavior | [8,64,70] | ||
R22 | Skill efficiency | [35,56,70,73] | ||
R23 | Unrealistic primary estimation | [12,33,49,70] | ||
R24 | Investment | Lack of finance | [3,11,64,70,71] | |
R25 | Bankruptcy | [35,36,56,70] | ||
R26 | Mismatch between demand and available resources | [24,33,70,72,74] | ||
R27 | Management | Client records and experience | [12,33,49,70] | |
R28 | Delay in land hand over | [11,41,70] | ||
R29 | Poor coordination and management | [3,10,24,33,70,73] | ||
R30 | Lack of using management methods | [8,48,70] | ||
R31 | Safety | Building site safety | [36,70,72] | |
R32 | Hygiene | [12,35,49,56,70] | ||
R33 | Environment | [3,64,70,71,72] | ||
R34 | Design | Technical ability and authority of counselor | [8,48,70] | |
R35 | Inadequate geotechnical studies | [24,33,35,70,73] | ||
R36 | Failure to identify underground factors | [3,11,56,70,72] | ||
R37 | Workshop supervision | [41,64,70] | ||
R38 | Incomplete plans | [35,37,49,70] | ||
R39 | Poor technical characteristics | [36,56,70,73,74] | ||
R40 | Contract | Contractor contract (listed, fixed) | [8,36,70] | |
R41 | Contractor policies to enter biddings | [33,35,48,56,70,73] | ||
R42 | Incomplete duties, agreements, and contracts | [10,41,70] | ||
R43 | Contractor claims | [11,56,70,71,74] | ||
R44 | Legal claims | [3,12,24,64,70,73] | ||
R45 | Market | Increasing work competition | [32,36,70,72] | |
R46 | Change in demand purchases | [10,11,70] | ||
R47 | Facilitating sales and commercial marketing | [35,70,71] | ||
R48 | Environmental | Adjacent building condition | [64,70,74] | |
R49 | Smoke, pollution, noise | [37,48,70] | ||
R50 | Building workshop security | [35,70,71] | ||
R51 | Historical condition | [36,41,48,70] | ||
R52 | Historical buildings’ privacy space | [8,11,70,73] | ||
R53 | Geographic and climatic condition | [10,24,33,70] |
Code | Social Risks |
R1 | General dissatisfaction with the project’s location |
R2 | Sabotage |
R3 | Cultural difference between people |
R4 | Regional and ethnic limitations |
Code | Economic Risks |
R5 | Exchange rate fluctuation |
R6 | Inflation fluctuation |
R7 | Bank interest fluctuation |
R8 | Change in duties of imported equipment |
R9 | Law changes and economic policies of materials |
Code | Political Risks |
R10 | Government internal policies contradiction |
R11 | Foreign threats |
R12 | Inappropriate work relation of government organizations |
R13 | Government instability |
Code | Legal Risks |
R14 | Changes in law |
R15 | Changes in binding legal obligations in contracts |
R16 | Regional standard changes (firefighting-master plans, etc.) |
Code | Accident Risks |
R17 | Natural disasters (flood—earthquake, etc.) |
R18 | Sewage and water network unexpected accidents |
R19 | Annual change in weather |
R20 | Electrical distribution network unexpected accident |
Code | Market Risks |
R21 | Mismatching spaces with customer needs |
R22 | Public’s lack of interest |
R23 | Increased work competition around project area |
R24 | Changes in demand for the purchase of spaces with different uses |
R25 | Facilitate sales and marketing conditions for specific user spaces |
Code | Work force Risks |
R26 | Access to skilled worker |
R27 | Changes in the legal obligations of contracts |
R28 | Behaviour, standards, work commitment |
R29 | Mismatch of job referrals to personnel with related specialized skills |
Code | Investment Risks |
R30 | Unrealistic primary estimation |
R31 | Inappropriate finance |
R32 | Lack of on time finance |
R33 | Bankruptcy |
R34 | Mismatch between demand and available resources |
Code | Management Risks |
R35 | Previous employer-related experience and background |
R36 | Site unavailability and delay in delivery of land to the presenter |
R37 | Unauthorized allocation of funds at various stages |
R38 | Lack of realistic goals |
R39 | Poor coordination and management |
Code | Project communication Risks |
R40 | Lack of using appropriate methods in workshop management |
R41 | Lack of proper organizational coordination |
R42 | Project staff crisis in different units |
R43 | Assigning responsibility of units to a third party |
R44 | Lack of qualified consultant |
R45 | Incomplete plan |
Code | Design Risks |
R46 | Poor technical specifications |
R47 | Mismatch of layout with site location |
R48 | Inaccuracies in realistic calculations and estimates |
R49 | Non-compliance with design codes |
R50 | Lack of maintenance period in designing process |
R51 | Lack of a specific contract with contractors |
R52 | Contractor’s claim |
R53 | Lack of coordination between the design process and manufacturing technology |
Code | Construction Risks |
R54 | Claims |
R55 | Lack of timely completion of geotechnical studies and identification of underground factors |
R56 | Delays in construction |
R57 | Poor quality of workshop supervision |
R58 | Incomplete description of tasks in contracts |
R59 | Failure to complete work items in anticipated times |
Code | Timetable Risks |
R60 | Mismatching physical progress with the comprehensive project schedule |
R61 | Delay in project duration due to lack of parallel work |
R62 | Delay in completion of the project |
R63 | Increase in exploitation costs |
R64 | Increase in maintenance cost |
R65 | Inappropriate pricing of saleable spaces |
R66 | Lack of proper internal zoning of spaces in the business centre |
Code | Exploitation Risks |
R67 | Luxury businesses in the vicinity of ordinary businesses |
R68 | Poor wide advertising |
R69 | Ignorance of security and safety protocol |
R70 | Lack of crisis management in CRCBPs |
R71 | Lack of specific instructions in case of unexpected events |
R72 | Lack of maintenance team stationed in the CRCBs |
R73 | Adjacent building condition |
R74 | Historical conditions |
Code | Environmental Risks |
R75 | Traffic permits |
R76 | Privacy of monuments in the area |
R77 | Workshop security in terms of side access |
Code | Logistics Risks |
R78 | Timely supply of materials |
R79 | Supply of materials according to technical specifications |
R80 | Predicting spare parts for emergency repairs and installations |
R81 | Lack of instructions for ordering goods and services |
R82 | Lack of instructions for ordering items in project warehouse |
N | Kendall’s (W) a | Chi-Square | df | Asymp. Sig. | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
30 | 0.734 | 1784.082 | 81 | 0 | strong consensus |
Code | ∑PRI | Sample Size | APRI | Risk Ranking | Code | ∑PRI | Sample Size | APRI | Risk Ranking |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R1 | 6.30 | 28 | 0.225 | 67 | R42 | 10.22 | 28 | 0.365 | 49 |
R2 | 8.26 | 28 | 0.295 | 58 | R43 | 8.32 | 28 | 0.297 | 55 |
R3 | 3.48 | 28 | 0.124 | 81 | R44 | 23 44 | 28 | 0.837 | 7 |
R4 | 4.18 | 28 | 0.149 | 79 | R45 | 17.22 | 28 | 0.611 | 23 |
R5 | 46.36 | 28 | 1.655 | 1 | R46 | 17.04 | 28 | 0.608 | 24 |
R6 | 25.23 | 28 | 1.615 | 2 | R47 | 12.62 | 28 | 0.455 | 39 |
R7 | 14.44 | 28 | 0.872 | 6 | R48 | 14.90 | 28 | 0.532 | 30 |
R8 | 18.92 | 28 | 0.675 | 18 | R49 | 7.84 | 28 | 0.280 | 60 |
R9 | 17.76 | 28 | 0.634 | 21 | R50 | 8.64 | 28 | 0.308 | 53 |
R10 | 13.67 | 28 | 0.488 | 35 | R51 | 15.14 | 28 | 0.540 | 29 |
R11 | 24.49 | 28 | 0.874 | 5 | R52 | 24.98 | 28 | 0.892 | 4 |
R12 | 11.68 | 28 | 0.417 | 46 | R53 | 13.44 | 28 | 0.480 | 37 |
R13 | 10.20 | 28 | 0.346 | 50 | R54 | 12.50 | 28 | 0.446 | 42 |
R14 | 12.38 | 28 | 0.442 | 43 | R55 | 11.02 | 28 | 0.393 | 48 |
R15 | 8.28 | 28 | 0.295 | 57 | R56 | 20.26 | 28 | 0.723 | 13 |
R16 | 19.58 | 28 | 0.699 | 14 | R57 | 16.36 | 28 | 0.580 | 26 |
R17 | 13.50 | 28 | 0.482 | 36 | R58 | 9.10 | 28 | 0.325 | 52 |
R18 | 2.28 | 28 | 0.081 | 82 | R59 | 16.90 | 28 | 0.603 | 25 |
R19 | 7.86 | 28 | 0.280 | 59 | R60 | 13.14 | 28 | 0.469 | 38 |
R20 | 3.80 | 28 | 0.135 | 80 | R61 | 13.54 | 28 | 0.447 | 41 |
R21 | 6.74 | 28 | 0.240 | 65 | R62 | 16.24 | 28 | 0.580 | 27 |
R22 | 6.57 | 28 | 0.234 | 66 | R63 | 4.58 | 28 | 0.163 | 75 |
R23 | 7.42 | 28 | 0.265 | 62 | R64 | 5.42 | 28 | 0.193 | 71 |
R24 | 4.52 | 28 | 0.161 | 77 | R65 | 5.34 | 28 | 0.190 | 72 |
R25 | 4.56 | 28 | 0.162 | 76 | R66 | 5.61 | 28 | 0.200 | 70 |
R26 | 25.02 | 28 | 0.893 | 3 | R67 | 4.58 | 28 | 0.163 | 75 |
R27 | 19.54 | 28 | 0.697 | 15 | R68 | 4.24 | 28 | 0.151 | 78 |
R28 | 14.01 | 28 | 0.500 | 33 | R69 | 5.24 | 28 | 0.187 | 73 |
R29 | 20.72 | 28 | 0.740 | 11 | R70 | 5.98 | 28 | 0.213 | 68 |
R30 | 22.66 | 28 | 0.809 | 9 | R71 | 7.00 | 28 | 0.253 | 63 |
R31 | 18.21 | 28 | 0.647 | 20 | R72 | 7.02 | 28 | 0.250 | 64 |
R32 | 18.72 | 28 | 0.668 | 19 | R73 | 21.84 | 28 | 0.780 | 10 |
R33 | 17.36 | 28 | 0.620 | 22 | R74 | 8.52 | 28 | 0.304 | 54 |
R34 | 19.44 | 28 | 0.694 | 16 | R75 | 22.82 | 28 | 0.815 | 8 |
R35 | 20.72 | 28 | 0.694 | 16 | R76 | 5.80 | 28 | 0.207 | 69 |
R36 | 13.72 | 28 | 0.490 | 34 | R77 | 12.80 | 28 | 0.431 | 45 |
R37 | 11.04 | 28 | 0.390 | 47 | R78 | 15.36 | 28 | 0.548 | 28 |
R38 | 7.47 | 28 | 0.266 | 61 | R79 | 12.34 | 28 | 0.440 | 44 |
R39 | 14.10 | 28 | 0.503 | 32 | R80 | 8.32 | 28 | 0.297 | 56 |
R40 | 19.08 | 28 | 0.681 | 17 | R81 | 9.47 | 28 | 0.338 | 51 |
R41 | 12.62 | 28 | 0.450 | 40 | R82 | 14.20 | 28 | 0.507 | 31 |
Code | d+ | d− | CL | Final Rank | Code | d+ | d− | CL | Final Rank |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CRF1 | 008/0 | 047/0 | 852/0 | 2 | CRF14 | 019/0 | 036/0 | 657/0 | 6 |
CRF2 | 020/0 | 035/0 | 640/0 | 8 | CRF15 | 039/0 | 016/0 | 286/0 | 22 |
CRF3 | 018/0 | 038/0 | 678/0 | 5 | CRF16 | 032/0 | 022/0 | 416/0 | 18 |
CRF4 | 026/0 | 028/0 | 519/0 | 12 | CRF17 | 042/0 | 014/0 | 256/0 | 23 |
CRF5 | 006/0 | 050/0 | 895/0 | 1 | CRF18 | 028/0 | 026/0 | 483/0 | 15 |
CRF6 | 011/0 | 044/0 | 795/0 | 3 | CRF19 | 027/0 | 027/0 | 495/0 | 14 |
CRF7 | 025/0 | 030/0 | 549/0 | 9 | CRF20 | 027/0 | 027/0 | 502/0 | 13 |
CRF8 | 018/0 | 038/0 | 681/0 | 4 | CRF21 | 037/0 | 018/0 | 331/0 | 21 |
CRF9 | 029/0 | 025/0 | 457/0 | 17 | CRF22 | 028/0 | 031/0 | 528/0 | 11 |
CRF10 | 019/0 | 036/0 | 650/0 | 7 | CRF23 | 047/0 | 007/0 | 128/0 | 24 |
CRF11 | 036/0 | 021/0 | 346/0 | 20 | CRF24 | 053/0 | 000/0 | 000/0 | 25 |
CRF12 | 025/0 | 030/0 | 548/0 | 10 | CRF25 | 032/0 | 022/0 | 407/0 | 19 |
CRF13 | 030/0 | 025/0 | 459/0 | 16 |
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Tamošaitienė, J.; Khosravi, M.; Cristofaro, M.; Chan, D.W.M.; Sarvari, H. Identification and Prioritization of Critical Risk Factors of Commercial and Recreational Complex Building Projects: A Delphi Study Using the TOPSIS Method. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 7906. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11177906
Tamošaitienė J, Khosravi M, Cristofaro M, Chan DWM, Sarvari H. Identification and Prioritization of Critical Risk Factors of Commercial and Recreational Complex Building Projects: A Delphi Study Using the TOPSIS Method. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11(17):7906. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11177906
Chicago/Turabian StyleTamošaitienė, Jolanta, Mojtaba Khosravi, Matteo Cristofaro, Daniel W. M. Chan, and Hadi Sarvari. 2021. "Identification and Prioritization of Critical Risk Factors of Commercial and Recreational Complex Building Projects: A Delphi Study Using the TOPSIS Method" Applied Sciences 11, no. 17: 7906. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11177906
APA StyleTamošaitienė, J., Khosravi, M., Cristofaro, M., Chan, D. W. M., & Sarvari, H. (2021). Identification and Prioritization of Critical Risk Factors of Commercial and Recreational Complex Building Projects: A Delphi Study Using the TOPSIS Method. Applied Sciences, 11(17), 7906. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11177906