Improvement of Traveling Salesman Problem Solution Using Hybrid Algorithm Based on Best-Worst Ant System and Particle Swarm Optimization
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Organization and Notation of Paper
2. Max and Min Ant System
- To enhance the capacity of searching, highest value is set for every path of initial pheromone.
- In order to update pheromone, just ant with closest path is allowed in an iteration, which is measured as follow.
- To stay away from untimely assembly of the calculation, the pheromone centralization of every way () is restricted to [, ] and the worth past this reach is persuasively set to or .
3. Brief Review on PSO
4. Ant Colony Optimization
5. The Proposed Best-Worst Ant System
Best-Worst Performance Update Rule
6. Combined Algorithm of PSO and ACO
6.1. Strategy
Algorithm 1 Pseudocode: Hybrid ACO-PSO |
PSO initialization: For d = 1 to D MMAS introduction: While (not arrive at the most extreme cycles of MMAS) for i = 1 to i For n = 1 to K Determine target city as per condition (1) Udate Taboo Table end end Calculate the length of every subterranean insect way; Find the ideal arrangement, the most exceedingly terrible arrangement and the worldwide ideal arrangement of this emphasis; Update worldwide pheromone utilizing condition (5); end; Set the most brief way length as the wellness work esteem; Update the speed and position of every particle; end |
6.2. Pheromone Trail Mutation
6.3. Restart of the Search Process When It Gets Stuck
Algorithm 2 Pseudocode: Best worst ant system algorithm. |
Give an initial pheromone value, to each edge For n = 1 to k do (in equal) Place insect n in an initial hub s and incorporate s in While (insect n not in an objective hub) do Select the following hub to visit, r∉ by the AS change rule. For = 1 to m do Run the nearby pursuit enhancement for the arrangement created by subterranean insect n, . worldwide best subterranean insect visit. current most noticeably terrible insect visit. Pheromone dissipation and Best-Worst pheromone refreshing. If (Stop Condition isn’t fulfilled) go to step 2. |
7. Result and Discussion
8. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Proposed BWAS Algo | MMAS | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Problem | ACO | ACO-PSO | ACO | ACO-PSO | ||||
Best | Worst | Best | Worst | Best | Worst | Best | Worst | |
Att48 | 10,436 | 35,522 | 10,401 | 35,071 | 34,504 | 36,539 | 35,123 | 35,514 |
Berlin52 | 7498 | 8106 | 7441 | 76,091 | 8054 | 8436 | 7663 | 7750 |
Bier127 | 133,246 | 153,792 | 121,873 | 124,731 | 208,175 | 214,690 | 124,842 | 125,812 |
kroE100 | 24,391 | 26,382 | 21,736 | 23,746 | 36,189 | 37,975 | 23,784 | 24,077 |
Lin105 | 16,267 | 18,371 | 13,079 | 14,787 | 25,429 | 27,571 | 14,990 | 15,100 |
Lin318 | 41,998 | 56,728 | 41,268 | 47,583 | 251,618 | 256,438 | 47,585 | 48,205 |
Pr124 | 62,532.5 | 66,282 | 60,192.6 | 64,575 | 64,513 | 66,282 | 60,999.3 | 61,496 |
Pr107 | 47,236.5 | 49,727 | 45,927 | 48,274 | 68,871 | 76,043 | 46,249 | 46,554 |
Ch130 | 7117.1 | 8367 | 6294 | 6498 | 13,441 | 13,952 | 6473 | 6525 |
Ch150 | 7446.3 | 7728 | 6593 | 6639 | 16,926 | 17,864 | 6852 | 6886 |
Ei151 | 436.17 | 451 | 440 | 449 | 438 | 463 | 448 | 452 |
Ei176 | 564.96 | 567.1 | 559 | 560 | 643 | 691 | 568 | 570 |
Ei1101 | 627.28 | 682 | 598 | 647 | 973 | 1006 | 700 | 706 |
kroA100 | 23,979 | 17,393 | 20,478 | 21,837 | 34,573 | 39,422 | 22,387 | 23,096 |
kroC100 | 22,857 | 24,748 | 18,539 | 20,378 | 36,260 | 39,123 | 21,579 | 21,804 |
Pr144 | 59,644 | 61,837 | 56,939 | 58,237 | 213,303 | 225,108 | 59,443 | 59,727 |
Proposed BWAS Algo | MMAS | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Problem | PSO | ACO-PSO | PSO | ACO-PSO | ||||
Best | Worst | Best | Worst | Best | Worst | Best | Worst | |
Att48 | 10,398 | 41,135 | 10,368 | 35,071 | 41,307 | 43,477 | 35,123 | 35,514 |
Berlin52 | 7383 | 8906 | 7326 | 76,091 | 8752 | 9565 | 7663 | 7750 |
Bier127 | 178,926 | 188,165 | 121,873 | 124,731 | 188,651 | 196,774 | 124,842 | 125,812 |
kroE100 | 38,573 | 39,247 | 21,736 | 23,746 | 37,251 | 40,786 | 23,784 | 24,077 |
Lin105 | 26,914 | 27,452 | 13,079 | 14,787 | 28,149 | 28,925 | 14,990 | 15,100 |
Lin318 | 41,698 | 159,879 | 41,063 | 47,583 | 155,706 | 158,259 | 47,585 | 48,205 |
Pr124 | 61,319 | 63,726 | 60,192.6 | 64,575 | 61,727.2 | 65,436 | 60,999.3 | 61,496 |
Pr107 | 101,181 | 115,431 | 45,927 | 48,274 | 107,160 | 129,760 | 46,249 | 46,554 |
Ch130 | 10,054 | 11,038 | 6294 | 6498 | 11,179 | 12,083 | 6473 | 6525 |
Ch150 | 10,084 | 12,156 | 6593 | 6639 | 12,804 | 13,512 | 6852 | 6886 |
Ei151 | 410 | 499 | 443 | 449 | 511 | 533 | 448 | 452 |
Ei176 | 665 | 701 | 559 | 560 | 753 | 760 | 568 | 570 |
Ei1101 | 615 | 902 | 598 | 647 | 905 | 956 | 700 | 706 |
kroA100 | 35,114 | 38,162 | 20,478 | 21,837 | 37,413 | 39,595 | 22,387 | 23,096 |
kroC100 | 35,034 | 39,873 | 18,539 | 20,378 | 38,440 | 41,125 | 21,579 | 21,804 |
Pr144 | 149,376 | 179,837 | 56,939 | 58,237 | 164,662 | 187,458 | 59,443 | 59,727 |
Proposed BWAS Algo | MMAS | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Problem | ACO | ACO-PSO | ACO | ACO-PSO | ||||
Mean | STD | Mean | STD | Mean | STD | Mean | STD | |
Att48 | 3.9 | 1005.2 | 3.1 | 995 | 4.2 | 1009 | 3.9 | 999 |
Berlin52 | 16.9 | 502.4 | 15.9 | 410 | 17.5 | 520 | 16.5 | 499 |
Bier127 | 65.4 | 1115.5 | 64.2 | 995 | 67.2 | 1150 | 66 | 1005 |
kroE100 | 22.1 | 154 | 21.5 | 132 | 22.7 | 166 | 22.3 | 143 |
Lin105 | 31.9 | 2012 | 30.4 | 169 | 32.5 | 2040 | 31.8 | 201 |
Lin318 | 89.2 | 906.2 | 88.5 | 808 | 90.6 | 932 | 89.2 | 880 |
Pr124 | 68.5 | 2126 | 67.4 | 1884 | 69 | 2232 | 68 | 1934 |
Pr107 | 32.5 | 307 | 30.5 | 268 | 32.9 | 332 | 31.5 | 302 |
Ch130 | 76.2 | 209.2 | 74.9 | 200 | 76.8 | 235 | 75.5 | 210 |
Ch150 | 81 | 27.4 | 79.2 | 20.5 | 81.9 | 28.1 | 80.5 | 235 |
Ei151 | 81 | 10.2 | 79.5 | 8.4 | 82 | 11.2 | 81.2 | 99 |
Ei176 | 70.2 | 1.10 | 69.1 | 0.8 | 70.9 | 1.25 | 69.8 | 0.99 |
Ei1101 | 31.5 | 310 | 29.5 | 266 | 32 | 355 | 30.5 | 310 |
kroA100 | 22.2 | 309 | 21.5 | 275 | 22.8 | 350 | 21.9 | 299 |
kroC100 | 22.1 | 402 | 21.5 | 311 | 22.4 | 432 | 21.8 | 365 |
Pr144 | 80 | 1006.4 | 80 | 984 | 80.5 | 1025 | 80.4 | 1012 |
Proposed BWAS Algo | MMAS | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Problem | PSO | ACO-PSO | PSO | ACO-PSO | ||||
Mean | STD | Mean | STD | Mean | STD | Mean | STD | |
Att48 | 3.2 | 920 | 2.9 | 890 | 3.9 | 999 | 3.3 | 992 |
Berlin52 | 15.4 | 410 | 14.9 | 388 | 16.2 | 455 | 15.5 | 403 |
Bier127 | 64.2 | 992 | 63.5 | 802 | 65.5 | 1005 | 64.1 | 920 |
kroE100 | 21.1 | 126 | 20.4 | 95 | 22.1 | 161 | 21 | 125 |
Lin105 | 30.5 | 1830 | 29.8 | 1695 | 31.2 | 2020 | 30.8 | 1725 |
Lin318 | 88.1 | 887 | 79.4 | 795 | 88.9 | 922 | 85.2 | 822 |
Pr124 | 66.9 | 1980 | 65.2 | 1910 | 67.8 | 2252 | 67.1 | 1920 |
Pr107 | 31.2 | 235 | 29.9 | 199 | 32.1 | 322 | 30.5 | 225 |
Ch130 | 75.1 | 159 | 73.8 | 102 | 76.2 | 205 | 74.5 | 155 |
Ch150 | 80.3 | 21.5 | 78.5 | 19.6 | 81.1 | 25.1 | 80.1 | 205 |
Ei151 | 80.5 | 9.4 | 78.4 | 9.1 | 81.4 | 10.4 | 79.9 | 94 |
Ei176 | 68.9 | 0.9 | 67.1 | 0.8 | 69.7 | 1.2 | 68.8 | 0.89 |
Ei1101 | 30.1 | 219 | 28.2 | 185 | 31.3 | 295 | 30 | 255 |
kroA100 | 21.3 | 212 | 20.4 | 175 | 22.1 | 289 | 21 | 220 |
kroC100 | 21.5 | 355 | 20.5 | 302 | 21.9 | 400 | 21 | 355 |
Pr144 | 78.6 | 958 | 77.9 | 898 | 79.4 | 992 | 78.4 | 958 |
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Qamar, M.S.; Tu, S.; Ali, F.; Armghan, A.; Munir, M.F.; Alenezi, F.; Muhammad, F.; Ali, A.; Alnaim, N. Improvement of Traveling Salesman Problem Solution Using Hybrid Algorithm Based on Best-Worst Ant System and Particle Swarm Optimization. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 4780. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11114780
Qamar MS, Tu S, Ali F, Armghan A, Munir MF, Alenezi F, Muhammad F, Ali A, Alnaim N. Improvement of Traveling Salesman Problem Solution Using Hybrid Algorithm Based on Best-Worst Ant System and Particle Swarm Optimization. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11(11):4780. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11114780
Chicago/Turabian StyleQamar, Muhammad Salman, Shanshan Tu, Farman Ali, Ammar Armghan, Muhammad Fahad Munir, Fayadh Alenezi, Fazal Muhammad, Asar Ali, and Norah Alnaim. 2021. "Improvement of Traveling Salesman Problem Solution Using Hybrid Algorithm Based on Best-Worst Ant System and Particle Swarm Optimization" Applied Sciences 11, no. 11: 4780. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11114780