Bioelectrical Signals for the Diagnosis and Therapy of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Oropharynx and Esophagus
2.1. Diagnostics
2.2. Therapies
3. Stomach
3.1. Diagnostics
3.2. Therapies
4. Small Intestine
4.1. Diagnostics
4.2. Therapies
5. Large Intestine
5.1. Diagnostics
5.2. Therapies
6. Summary and Future Directions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ALS | Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis |
CES | Colonic electrical stimulation |
cpm | Cycles per minute |
EColG | Electrocolonography |
EEG | Electroencephalography |
EENG | Electroenterography |
EMG | Electromyography |
EGG | Electrogastrography |
FBD | Functional bowel disease |
FGID | Functional gastrointestinal disorder |
FI | Fecal incontinence |
GI | Gastrointestinal |
ICC | Interstitial cells of Cajal |
IBS | Irritable bowel syndrome |
MEG | Magnetoencephalography |
MENG | Magnetoenterography |
MEP | Muscle evoked potential |
MGG | Magnetogastrography |
MRI | Magnetic resonance imaging |
NMES | Neuromuscular electrical stimulation |
PES | Pharyngeal electrical stimulation |
SEP | Sensory evoked potential |
SNS | Sacral nerve stimulation |
SW | Slow wave |
TES | Transcutaneous electrical stimulation |
TMS | Transcranial magnetic stimulation |
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Technique | Organs | Advantages | Limitations |
---|---|---|---|
Low-resolution serosal recordings | Stomach [58,59,60] Small intestine [103,104] Colon [122,124,125,134] | High SNR Suitable for long term recordings | Invasive No spatial information |
High-resolution serosal recordings | Stomach [63,64,65,66] Small intestine [105] | High SNR Spatial information | Invasive Expensive equipment |
Laparoscopic serosal recordings | Stomach [69,70,71] Small intestine [69] | High SNR Reduced invasiveness | Limited coverage |
Mucosal/intraluminal recordings | Stomach [72,73,74] Small intestine [106,107] Colon [122,125,128,129,130,131,132,133] | Minimally invasive | Low SNR |
Cutaneous electrical recordings | Oropharynx and Esophagus (sEMG [25,26], EEG [29,30,31,32]) Stomach (EGG) [75,76,77] Small intestine (EENG) [108,109,110] Colon (EColG) [125,126,127] | Non-invasive Suitable for long term recordings Cheap and portable equipment | Low SNR Indirect measurement |
Cutaneous magnetic recordings | Oropharynx and Esophagus (MEG) [33,34] Stomach (MGG) [78,79,80,81,82] Small intestine (MENG) [79,113] | Non-invasive Non-contact Higher SNR than cutaneous electrical recordings | Large and expensive equipment Indirect measurement |
Technique | Target Organs | Description | Therapeutic Targets |
---|---|---|---|
Serosal pacing | Stomach [93,94,95,96] | Low-frequency, high-energy direct stimulation | Gastroparesis |
Serosal stimulation | Stomach [84,85,86,87,88,89,90] Small intestine [84,114,115,116,117] Colon [141,142] | High-frequency, direct stimulation | Gastroparesis Chronic unexplained nausea and vomiting |
Transcutaneous electrical stimulation | Stomach [97,98] Colon [143,144] | High-frequency, indirect stimulation | Functional dyspepsia Chronic constipation Fecal incontinence Irritable bowel syndrome |
Sacral nerve stimulation | Colon [136,137,138,139,140] | High-frequency, nerve stimulation | Chronic constipation Fecal incontinence Irritable bowel syndrome |
Biofeedback/Neurofeedback | Oropharynx and Esophagus (EMG, EEG, MEG) [42,43,44,45] | Classification of muscular/neural activity for functional feedback | Dysphagia |
Pharyngeal electrical stimulation | Oropharynx and Esophagus [46,47] | High-frequency, direct stimulation | Dysphagia |
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation | Oropharynx and Esophagus [48,49] | High-frequency, direct or indirect stimulation | Dysphagia |
Transcranial (direct current or magnetic) stimulation | Oropharynx and Esophagus [50,51] | High- and low-frequency stimulation to the brain | Dysphagia |
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Avci, R.; Miller, K.J.W.; Paskaranandavadivel, N.; Bradshaw, L.A.; Huckabee, M.-L.; Cheng, L.K. Bioelectrical Signals for the Diagnosis and Therapy of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders. Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 8102. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10228102
Avci R, Miller KJW, Paskaranandavadivel N, Bradshaw LA, Huckabee M-L, Cheng LK. Bioelectrical Signals for the Diagnosis and Therapy of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10(22):8102. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10228102
Chicago/Turabian StyleAvci, Recep, Kiara J.W. Miller, Niranchan Paskaranandavadivel, Leonard A. Bradshaw, Maggie-Lee Huckabee, and Leo K. Cheng. 2020. "Bioelectrical Signals for the Diagnosis and Therapy of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders" Applied Sciences 10, no. 22: 8102. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10228102