Dietary Patterns and Nutritional Status in Relation to Consumption of Chickpeas and Hummus in the U.S. Population
1
Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
2
Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
3
Think Healthy Group Inc., Washington, DC 20036, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(20), 7341; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10207341
Received: 25 September 2020
/
Revised: 10 October 2020
/
Accepted: 16 October 2020
/
Published: 20 October 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Food and Chronic Disease)
Chickpeas, a commonly consumed legume, are the main ingredient in traditional hummus. U.S. dietary guidelines recommend consuming 1–1.5 cups of legumes per week. This study aimed to evaluate temporal changes in hummus and chickpea consumption and describe diet and biomarkers of health in U.S. consumers versus non-consumers. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005–2016) data were used. Dietary intake was collected using two 24-h recalls; age, gender, and poverty-to-income ratio were adjusted in statistical analyses. The proportion of the population who consumed chickpeas or hummus increased significantly over time. Hummus and chickpea consumers were more likely to obtain recommended legume intake. Consumers had significantly increased intakes of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains and decreased added sugars intakes versus non-consumers. Consumers also had lower concentrations of urinary iodine and higher concentrations of serum 4-pyridoxic acid, total vitamin B6, and red blood cell folate. Adults who consumed chickpeas and hummus were 48% and 62% less likely to have metabolic syndrome, respectively. Consuming chickpeas or hummus may be a practical means of improving diet quality and nutritional status. Future work should evaluate whether chronic disease incidence is reduced by chickpea and hummus consumption through better nutrition or lower metabolic syndrome incidence.
View Full-Text
▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
MDPI and ACS Style
Frankenfeld, C.L.; Wallace, T.C. Dietary Patterns and Nutritional Status in Relation to Consumption of Chickpeas and Hummus in the U.S. Population. Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 7341. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10207341
AMA Style
Frankenfeld CL, Wallace TC. Dietary Patterns and Nutritional Status in Relation to Consumption of Chickpeas and Hummus in the U.S. Population. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10(20):7341. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10207341
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrankenfeld, Cara L., and Taylor C. Wallace. 2020. "Dietary Patterns and Nutritional Status in Relation to Consumption of Chickpeas and Hummus in the U.S. Population" Applied Sciences 10, no. 20: 7341. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10207341
Find Other Styles
Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.
