The Effect of Participative Leadership Style on Employees’ Performance: The Contingent Role of Institutional Theory
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Background
3. Methodology
3.1. Sample and Participants
3.2. Instruments
3.3. Institutional Factors
3.4. Control Variables
3.5. Confirmatory Factor Analysis
4. Results
Hierarchical Linear Modeling Analyses
5. Discussion
5.1. Theoretical and Practical Implications
5.2. Limitations and Directions for Future Research
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Means (SD) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Years of Education for Leaders | 15.7 (1.80) | |||||||
Age of Subordinate | 41.6 (7.74) | 0.33 ** | ||||||
Gender of Leader a | 0.69.9 (0.57) | −0.18 ** | 0.03 | |||||
Participative Leadership | 3.72 (0.63) | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.07 | (0.91) | |||
Institutional Context | 13.55 (8.08) | 0.40 ** | −0.02 | 0.05 | −0.07 | |||
Employee Loyalty | 7.14 (1.09) | 0.06 | −0.02 | −0.03 | 0.39 ** | −0.00 | (0.74) | |
Job Performance | 6.31 (1.15) | 0.27 ** | 0.17 * | 0.09 | 0.28 ** | 0.15 ** | 0.17 * | (0.95) |
Variables | Employee Loyalty | ||
---|---|---|---|
Step 1 | Step 2 | Step 3 | |
Intercept | 5.28 *** | 5.28 *** | 5.27 *** |
Years of Education for Leader | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
Age of Subordinate | −0.00 | −0.00 | −0.00 |
Years of Experience | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
Gender of Leader a | −0.08 | −0.08 | −0.07 |
Participative Leadership | 0.80 *** | 0.80 *** | 0.77 *** |
Institutional Context | 0.00 | 0.01 | |
Participative Leadership X Institutional Context | −0.04 * | ||
Model deviance χ2 | 388.94 | 388.91 | 383.96 |
Decrease in Deviance: Δχ2 b | 0.03 | 5.75 * |
Variables | Job Performance |
---|---|
Intercept | 5.94 *** |
Years of Education for Leader | 0.14 * |
Age of Subordinate | 0.00 |
Years of Experience | 0.02 |
Gender of Manager a | 0.08 |
Participative Leadership | 0.18 |
Institutional Context | 0.02 |
Employee Loyalty | 0.18 * |
Model Deviance χ2 | 357.73 |
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Khassawneh, O.; Elrehail, H. The Effect of Participative Leadership Style on Employees’ Performance: The Contingent Role of Institutional Theory. Adm. Sci. 2022, 12, 195. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12040195
Khassawneh O, Elrehail H. The Effect of Participative Leadership Style on Employees’ Performance: The Contingent Role of Institutional Theory. Administrative Sciences. 2022; 12(4):195. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12040195
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhassawneh, Osama, and Hamzah Elrehail. 2022. "The Effect of Participative Leadership Style on Employees’ Performance: The Contingent Role of Institutional Theory" Administrative Sciences 12, no. 4: 195. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12040195