Utilizing Self-Leadership to Enhance Gratitude Thought Patterns
Abstract
:1. Introduction
“What exactly is gratitude? The Oxford English Dictionary (1989) defined gratitude as ‘the quality or condition of being thankful; the appreciation of an inclination to return kindness’ (p. 1135). The word gratitude is derived from the Latin gratus, meaning pleasing. All derivatives from this Latin root ‘have to do with kindness, generousness, gifts, the beauty of giving and receiving, or getting something for nothing’ (Pruyser 1976, p. 69).”
“… we hypothesized that gratitude functions as a moral reinforcer, motivating benefactors to persist in behaving prosocially. We found substantial support for the moral reinforcer hypothesis. People who have been the recipients of sincere expressions of gratitude are more likely to act again in a prosocial fashion toward their beneficiaries. They are also more likely to behave prosocially toward third parties after having received sincere thanks from someone on who they have already conferred a benefit.”(See (McCullough et al. 2001) for the complete explanation and conclusions).
2. An Overview of Thought Self-Leadership
2.1. Beliefs and Assumptions
“These distorted thoughts are based on common dysfunctional beliefs and assumptions that are generally activated by potentially troubling situations. Thus, employees can improve their goal performance by following the prescriptions of Ellis (1977) and Burns (1980). According to these authors, individuals can identify and confront their dysfunctional beliefs, replacing them with more rational beliefs.”
2.2. Self-Talk
2.3. Mental Imagery
2.4. Thought Patterns
“Manz (1992) describes a thought pattern as ‘‘certain ways of thinking about our experiences,’’ and as ‘‘habitual ways of thinking.’’ As Manz (1992, p. 81) states, ‘‘these thought patterns involve among other things, our beliefs, our imagined experiences, and our self-talk.”
3. Proposed Model
3.1. Gratitude and TSL
3.2. TSL and the Emotional State of Gratitude
3.3. TSL and Gratitude Related Thought Patterns
“A schema may be defined as a cognitive structure that represents knowledge about a concept or type of stimulus, including its attributes and the relations among those attributes (Brewer and Nakamura 1984; Fiske and Linville 1980; Hastie 1981; Rumelhart and Ortony 1977; Taylor and Crocker 1981).”
“Perception by most accounts involves an interaction between the environmental stimuli that are currently present and the individual’s readiness to perceive some over others.”
3.4. Gratitude and Performance
“…the theory underscores the relationship between positive emotions and individual growth and development. Through experiences of positive emotions, individuals can transform themselves, becoming more creative, knowledgeable, resilient, socially integrated, and healthy. Individuals who regularly experience positive emotions, then, are not stagnant. Instead, they continually grow toward optimal functioning.”
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions and Implications for Research and Practice
“First, one general contribution of this research is that it provides support for viewing thought as a self-controlled phenomena. More specifically, this study provides evidence that the effective self-regulation of cognitions can be learned/developed in an organizational setting…”
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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Godwin, J.L.; Hershelman, S.M. Utilizing Self-Leadership to Enhance Gratitude Thought Patterns. Adm. Sci. 2021, 11, 40. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11020040
Godwin JL, Hershelman SM. Utilizing Self-Leadership to Enhance Gratitude Thought Patterns. Administrative Sciences. 2021; 11(2):40. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11020040
Chicago/Turabian StyleGodwin, Jeffrey L., and Susan M. Hershelman. 2021. "Utilizing Self-Leadership to Enhance Gratitude Thought Patterns" Administrative Sciences 11, no. 2: 40. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11020040
APA StyleGodwin, J. L., & Hershelman, S. M. (2021). Utilizing Self-Leadership to Enhance Gratitude Thought Patterns. Administrative Sciences, 11(2), 40. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11020040