Using Network Analysis to Identify Central Facets of Androgynous Development Between Sexes in Chinese Adolescents
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Gender-Typed Traits
2.2.2. Sex
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Statistics, Correlations, and Sex Differences
3.2. Network Structure
3.3. EI and Bridge EI Metrics
3.4. Network Accuracy and Stability
3.5. Network Comparison
4. Discussion
4.1. Central Role of “Magnanimous” in Male Androgynous Development
4.2. Central Role of “Thoughtful” in Female Androgynous Development
4.3. Flexible Gender Development: Cultural Perspectives
4.4. Limitations and Future Research Directions
4.5. Practice Implications
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
1 | See https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/magnanimous (accessed on 17 June 2025). |
2 | See https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/thoughtful (accessed on 17 June 2025). |
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Males | Females | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Traits and Facets | Skewness | Kurtosis | M | SD | M | SD | p |
Total score of masculinity | −0.20 | 0.73 | 5.07 | 0.97 | 4.59 | 0.02 | 0.000 |
masculine | −0.49 | −0.73 | 5.49 | 1.33 | 3.44 | 1.70 | 0.000 |
dominant | −0.41 | −0.17 | 4.83 | 1.45 | 4.23 | 1.47 | 0.000 |
adventurous | −0.28 | −0.70 | 4.75 | 1.67 | 4.27 | 1.66 | 0.000 |
with leadership | −0.18 | −0.42 | 4.37 | 1.57 | 4.24 | 1.47 | 0.130 |
having supervisory abilities | −0.22 | −0.42 | 4.36 | 1.58 | 4.29 | 1.47 | 0.447 |
unconstrained | −0.42 | −0.38 | 4.88 | 1.48 | 4.51 | 1.56 | 0.000 |
bold | −0.30 | −0.52 | 4.81 | 1.52 | 4.32 | 1.52 | 0.000 |
judicious | −0.72 | 0.90 | 5.37 | 1.22 | 5.00 | 1.24 | 0.000 |
steady | −0.37 | −0.17 | 5.14 | 1.36 | 4.55 | 1.36 | 0.000 |
brave | −0.43 | −0.08 | 5.19 | 1.37 | 4.63 | 1.37 | 0.000 |
rational | −0.61 | 0.07 | 5.56 | 1.23 | 4.92 | 1.38 | 0.000 |
calm | −0.58 | 0.22 | 5.39 | 1.25 | 4.83 | 1.39 | 0.000 |
generous | −0.63 | 0.51 | 5.38 | 1.26 | 5.15 | 1.27 | 0.001 |
capable of organizing | −0.35 | −0.22 | 4.62 | 1.54 | 4.62 | 1.38 | 0.957 |
broad minded | −0.75 | 0.65 | 5.50 | 1.25 | 5.20 | 1.30 | 0.000 |
magnanimous | −0.75 | 0.56 | 5.50 | 1.27 | 5.21 | 1.32 | 0.000 |
Total score of femininity | −0.38 | 0.69 | 4.73 | 0.98 | 5.04 | 1.00 | 0.000 |
tender | −0.56 | −0.11 | 5.07 | 1.51 | 4.87 | 1.51 | 0.020 |
yielding | −0.27 | −0.61 | 4.50 | 1.65 | 4.36 | 1.69 | 0.146 |
elegant | −0.21 | −0.48 | 4.47 | 1.59 | 4.51 | 1.49 | 0.630 |
thoughtful | −0.81 | 0.77 | 5.34 | 1.36 | 5.48 | 1.22 | 0.050 |
comforting | −0.74 | 0.03 | 5.04 | 1.58 | 5.31 | 1.46 | 0.002 |
soft spoken | −0.29 | −0.37 | 4.54 | 1.55 | 4.66 | 1.52 | 0.172 |
approachable | −0.55 | 0.08 | 4.82 | 1.46 | 5.19 | 1.38 | 0.000 |
feminine | 0.35 | −1.22 | 1.81 | 1.32 | 4.63 | 1.53 | 0.000 |
showing compassion | −1.11 | 1.37 | 5.47 | 1.42 | 5.79 | 1.18 | 0.000 |
provident | −0.59 | 0.14 | 5.14 | 1.41 | 4.96 | 1.40 | 0.026 |
gentle | −0.07 | −0.69 | 3.83 | 1.70 | 4.32 | 1.59 | 0.000 |
careful | −0.21 | −0.57 | 4.31 | 1.57 | 4.57 | 1.57 | 0.003 |
frugal | −0.47 | −0.01 | 4.90 | 1.43 | 4.81 | 1.42 | 0.279 |
caring | −0.92 | 1.07 | 5.41 | 1.31 | 5.73 | 1.19 | 0.000 |
understanding | −1.00 | 1.48 | 5.54 | 1.26 | 5.70 | 1.14 | 0.024 |
good listener | −1.07 | 1.34 | 5.56 | 1.32 | 5.75 | 1.21 | 0.008 |
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Liu, X.; Liu, W. Using Network Analysis to Identify Central Facets of Androgynous Development Between Sexes in Chinese Adolescents. Behav. Sci. 2025, 15, 1375. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15101375
Liu X, Liu W. Using Network Analysis to Identify Central Facets of Androgynous Development Between Sexes in Chinese Adolescents. Behavioral Sciences. 2025; 15(10):1375. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15101375
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Xisha, and Weijun Liu. 2025. "Using Network Analysis to Identify Central Facets of Androgynous Development Between Sexes in Chinese Adolescents" Behavioral Sciences 15, no. 10: 1375. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15101375
APA StyleLiu, X., & Liu, W. (2025). Using Network Analysis to Identify Central Facets of Androgynous Development Between Sexes in Chinese Adolescents. Behavioral Sciences, 15(10), 1375. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15101375