Effect of Yoga Intervention on Problem Behavior and Motor Coordination in Children with Autism
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Problem Behaviors in Autism and Alleviation Methods
1.2. Motor Coordination in Autism and Improvement Modalities
1.3. Advantages and Potential Effects of Yoga Intervention
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Problem Behavior
2.2.2. Motor Coordination
2.3. Procedure
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Problem Behavior
3.2. Motor Coordination
4. Discussion
4.1. Analysis of the Effectiveness of Yoga Intervention for Problem Behavior in Children with Autism
4.2. Analysis of the Effects of Yoga Intervention on Motor Coordination in Children with Autism
4.3. Limitations and Future Research
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group | Age (M ± SD) | Gender (M:F) | Autism Severity (M ± SD) |
---|---|---|---|
Experimental Group (n = 9) | 11.11 ± 2.52 | 6:3 | 95.33 ± 11.15 |
Control Group (n = 8) | 12.75 ± 2.31 | 6:2 | 97.63 ± 10.01 |
p | 0.185 | 0.707 | 0.664 |
Experimental Group (M ± SD) | Control Group (M ± SD) | Cohen’s d | p-Bonf. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-test | 87.56 ± 12.13 | 95.50 ± 7.93 | 0.816 | 1.000 |
Mid-test | 82.56 ± 11.52 | 96.00 ± 7.65 | 1.381 | 0.337 |
Post-test | 77.89 ± 10.57 | 95.88 ± 7.77 | 1.847 | 0.046 * |
Delayed test | 77.89 ± 10.25 | 95.50 ± 7.96 | 1.809 | 0.054 * |
Irritability | Social Withdrawal | Stereotypic Behavior | Hyperactivity | Inappropriate Speech | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-test | Experimental Group (M ± SD) | 20 ± 2.55 | 24.56 ± 5.15 | 15.44 ± 3.84 | 21.89 ± 6.15 | 5.67 ± 1.23 |
Control Group (M ± SD) | 22.5 ± 4.24 | 26.63 ± 2.56 | 16.5 ± 2.83 | 23.75 ± 4.10 | 6.13 ± 1.25 | |
p | 0.156 | 0.321 | 0.533 | 0.481 | 0.457 | |
Mid-test | Experimental Group (M ± SD) | 18.89 ± 2.52 | 22.56 ± 5.00 | 14.56 ± 3.78 | 20.89 ± 5.84 | 5.78 ± 1.20 |
Control Group (M ± SD) | 22.63 ± 4.31 | 26.75 ± 2.32 | 16.63 ± 2.62 | 23.88 ± 4.05 | 6.00 ± 1.51 | |
p | 0.043 * | 0.047 * | 0.215 | 0.245 | 0.740 | |
Post-test | Experimental Group (M ± SD) | 17.89 ± 2.42 | 20.89 ± 4.54 | 13.78 ± 3.53 | 19.67 ± 5.20 | 5.56 ± 1.42 |
Control Group (M ± SD) | 22.63 ± 4.31 | 26.63 ± 2.39 | 16.63 ± 2.62 | 23.88 ± 4.05 | 6.25 ± 1.67 | |
p | 0.012 * | 0.006 ** | 0.081 | 0.085 | 0.369 | |
Delayed test | Experimental Group (M ± SD) | 17.22 ± 2.28 | 21.11 ± 4.26 | 14.11 ± 3.02 | 19.44 ± 4.98 | 6 ± 1.23 |
Control Group (M ± SD) | 22.5 ± 3.89 | 26.88 ± 1.96 | 16.38 ± 2.33 | 23.25 ± 4.33 | 6.5 ± 1.20 | |
p | 0.003 ** | 0.003 ** | 0.107 | 0.116 | 0.409 |
Experimental Group (M ± SD) | Control Group (M ± SD) | Cohen’s d | p-Bonf. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-test | 5.22 ± 2.91 | 4.25 ± 1.04 | 0.382 | 1.000 |
Mid-test | 7.56 ± 3.245 | 4.38 ± 1.06 | 1.249 | 0.567 |
Post-test | 9.33 ± 3.71 | 4.50 ± 0.93 | 1.898 | 0.034 * |
Delayed test | 9.33 ± 3.43 | 4.38 ± 1.30 | 1.947 | 0.027 * |
Manual Dexterity | Ball Skills | Static and Dynamic Balance | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-test | Experimental Group (M ± SD) | 3.78 ± 3.27 | 6.11 ± 1.36 | 10.22 ± 3.70 |
Control Group (M ± SD) | 2.38 ± 0.74 | 5.50 ± 1.93 | 9.25 ± 2.38 | |
p | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | |
Mid-test | Experimental Group (M ± SD) | 5.22 ± 4.02 | 8.78 ± 0.83 | 12.33 ± 3.08 |
Control Group (M ± SD) | 2.50 ± 0.54 | 5.50 ± 1.77 | 9.38 ± 2.13 | |
p | 1.000 | 0.007 ** | 1.000 | |
Post-test | Experimental Group (M ± SD) | 6.56 ± 5.27 | 10.67 ± 1.32 | 14.11 ± 2.32 |
Control Group (M ± SD) | 2.75 ± 1.04 | 5.88 ± 1.55 | 9.13 ± 2.10 | |
p | 0.805 | <0.001 *** | 0.028 * | |
Delayed test | Experimental Group (M ± SD) | 6.44 ± 4.88 | 10.22 ± 1.20 | 14.22 ± 2.44 |
Control Group (M ± SD) | 2.38 ± 0.52 | 5.63 ± 1.85 | 9.25 ± 2.19 | |
p | 0.498 | <0.001 *** | 0.028 * |
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Ju, X.; Liu, H.; Xu, J.; Hu, B.; Jin, Y.; Lu, C. Effect of Yoga Intervention on Problem Behavior and Motor Coordination in Children with Autism. Behav. Sci. 2024, 14, 116. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14020116
Ju X, Liu H, Xu J, Hu B, Jin Y, Lu C. Effect of Yoga Intervention on Problem Behavior and Motor Coordination in Children with Autism. Behavioral Sciences. 2024; 14(2):116. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14020116
Chicago/Turabian StyleJu, Xingda, Huanhuan Liu, Jing Xu, Bo Hu, Yunlei Jin, and Chang Lu. 2024. "Effect of Yoga Intervention on Problem Behavior and Motor Coordination in Children with Autism" Behavioral Sciences 14, no. 2: 116. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14020116
APA StyleJu, X., Liu, H., Xu, J., Hu, B., Jin, Y., & Lu, C. (2024). Effect of Yoga Intervention on Problem Behavior and Motor Coordination in Children with Autism. Behavioral Sciences, 14(2), 116. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14020116