Social Network Characteristics and Depressive Symptoms of Italian Public Health Medical Residents: The Public Health Residents’ Anonymous Survey in Italy (PHRASI)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population and Design
2.2. Social Network Characteristics
2.3. Assessment of Depressive Symptoms
2.4. Covariates
2.5. Statistical Analysis
2.6. Ethical Approval
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Characteristics of the Sample
3.2. Social Network Characteristics and Depressive Symptoms
3.3. Social Network Characteristics and Clinically Relevant Depressive Symptoms
4. Discussion
4.1. Implication and Practices for Public Health Policies
4.2. Limitations and Strengths
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | Overall | PHQ-9 Score ≥ 5 | PHQ-9 Score ≥ 10 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 379 | No (n = 148) | Yes (n = 231) | p | No (n = 282) | Yes (n = 97) | p | |
Sex | 0.453 1 | 0.802 1 | |||||
Female | 219 (57.78%) | 82 (55.41%) | 137 (59.31%) | 164 (58.16%) | 55 (56.70%) | ||
Male | 160 (42.22%) | 66 (44.59%) | 94 (40.69%) | 118 (41.84%) | 42 (43.30%) | ||
Age | 30.00 (29.00, 34.00) | 30.00 (28.00, 34.00) | 31.00 (29.00, 33.00) | 0.446 2 | 30.00 (28.00, 34.00) | 31.00 (29.00, 33.00) | 0.134 2 |
Functional characteristics of social network | |||||||
Peer-to-Peer Support | 4.00 (3.00, 5.00) | 4.00 (4.00, 5.00) | 4.00 (3.00, 5.00) | <0.001 2 | 4.00 (4.00, 5.00) | 4.00 (3.00, 4.00) | 0.031 2 |
Supervisor Support | 4.00 (3.00, 4.00) | 4.00 (3.00, 5.00) | 3.00 (3.00, 4.00) | <0.001 2 | 4.00 (3.00, 4.00) | 3.00 (2.00, 4.00) | <0.001 2 |
WLI | 3.00 (2.00, 3.00) | 2.00 (2.00, 3.00) | 3.00 (2.00, 3.00) | <0.001 2 | 2.00 (2.00, 3.00) | 3.00 (2.00, 4.00) | <0.001 2 |
Structural characteristics of social network | |||||||
Distance | 0.00 (0.00, 122.29.0) | 0.00 (0.00, 201.27) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.026 2 | 0.00 (0.00, 137.52) | 0.00 (0.00, 111.21) | 0.786 2 |
Family Members | 2.00 (2.00, 2.00) | 2.00 (2.00, 2.00) | 2.00 (2.00, 2.00) | 0.870 2 | 2.00 (2.00, 2.00) | 2.00 (2.00, 2.00) | 0.124 2 |
Having a partner | 0.141 1 | 0.043 1 | |||||
Yes | 276 (72.82%) | 114 (77.03%) | 162 (70.13%) | 213 (75.53%) | 34 (35.05%) | ||
No | 103 (27.18%) | 34 (22.97% | 69 (29.87%) | 69 (24.47%) | 63 (64.95%) | ||
Cohabitation | 0.760 1 | 0.433 1 | |||||
Living Alone | 98 (25.86%) | 37 (25.00%) | 61 (26.41%) | 70 (25.0%) | 28 (29.0%) | ||
With Others | 281 (74.14%) | 111 (75.00%) | 170 (73.59%) | 212 (75.0%) | 69 (71.0%) | ||
Social participation | 3.00 (2.00, 3.00) | 3.00 (3.00, 4.00) | 2.00 (1.00, 3.00) | <0.001 2 | 3.0 (2.0, 4.0) | 1.0 (1.0, 2.0) | <0.001 2 |
Characteristic | aβ | 95% CI 1 | p |
---|---|---|---|
Functional characteristics of social network | |||
Peer-to-peer support | −1.01 | −1.52; −0.50 | <0.001 |
Supervisor support | −1.20 | −1.67; −0.74 | <0.001 |
Work-to-private life interference (WLI) | 1.24 | 0.74; 1.74 | <0.001 |
Structural characteristics of social network | |||
Distance | 0.00 | 0.00; 0.00 | 0.636 |
Family members | −0.81 | −1.54; −0.08 | 0.031 |
Having a partner (ref. = No) | −1.42 | −2.58; −0.25 | 0.017 |
Cohabitation (ref. = Alone) | −1.13 | −2.32; 0.06 | 0.062 |
Social participation | −2.13 | −2.49; −1.76 | <0.001 |
PHQ-9 Score ≥ 10 | PHQ-9 Score ≥ 10 Sensitivity Analysis | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristic | aOR 1 | 95% CI | p | aOR 2 | 95% CI | p |
Functional characteristics of social network | ||||||
Peer-to-peer support | 0.72 | 0.58; 0.90 | 0.004 | 0.62 | 0.47; 0.83 | 0.001 |
Supervisor support | 0.69 | 0.55; 0.85 | <0.001 | 0.49 | 0.36; 0.68 | <0.001 |
Work-to-private-life interference (WLI) | 1.59 | 1.25; 2.01 | <0.001 | 1.77 | 1.28; 2.45 | <0.001 |
Structural characteristics of social network | ||||||
Distance | 1.00 | 1.00; 1.00 | 0.895 | 1.00 | 1.00; 1.00 | 0.816 |
Family Members | 0.73 | 0.51; 1.03 | 0.075 | 0.73 | 0.51; 1.05 | 0.089 |
Having a partner (ref. = No) | 0.59 | 0.36; 0.97 | 0.039 | 0.49 | 0.25; 0.96 | 0.036 |
Cohabitation (ref. = Alone) | 0.82 | 0.49; 1.37 | 0.443 | 0.82 | 0.48; 1.40 | 0.466 |
Social participation | 0.39 | 0.31; 0.50 | <0.001 | 0.38 | 0.29; 0.49 | <0.001 |
Characteristic | Moderator | PHQ Score ≥ 10 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
aOR 1 | 95% CI | p | ||
Functional characteristics of social network | ||||
Peer-to-peer support | Predictor | 0.63 | 0.48; 0.84 | 0.002 |
Interaction | 1.42 | 0.89; 2.27 | 0.142 | |
Supervisor support | Predictor | 0.52 | 0.38; 0.71 | <0.001 |
Interaction | 1.77 | 1.11; 2.74 | 0.010 | |
Work-to-private-life interference (WLI) | Predictor | 1.74 | 1.27; 2.38 | <0.001 |
Interaction | 0.81 | 0.50; 1.30 | 0.375 | |
Structural characteristics of social network | ||||
Distance | Predictor | 1.00 | 1.00; 1.00 | 0.757 |
Interaction | 1.00 | 1.00; 1.00 | 0.761 | |
Family Members | Predictor | 0.80 | 0.55; 1.16 | 0.239 |
Interaction | 1.02 | 0.55; 1.88 | 0.959 | |
Having a partner (ref. = No) | Predictor | 0.47 | 0.25; 0.90 | 0.023 |
Interaction | 1.74 | 0.63; 4.86 | 0.289 | |
Cohabitation (ref. = Alone) | Predictor | 0.69 | 0.34; 1.40 | 0.310 |
Interaction | 1.42 | 0.50; 4.00 | 0.513 | |
Social participation | Predictor | 0.37 | 0.26; 0.51 | <0.001 |
Interaction | 1.16 | 0.71; 1.90 | 0.555 |
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Stacchini, L.; Catalini, A.; De Nicolò, V.; Cosma, C.; Gallinoro, V.; Ancona, A.; Berselli, N.; Caminiti, M.; Mazza, C.; Minutolo, G.; et al. Social Network Characteristics and Depressive Symptoms of Italian Public Health Medical Residents: The Public Health Residents’ Anonymous Survey in Italy (PHRASI). Behav. Sci. 2023, 13, 881. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13110881
Stacchini L, Catalini A, De Nicolò V, Cosma C, Gallinoro V, Ancona A, Berselli N, Caminiti M, Mazza C, Minutolo G, et al. Social Network Characteristics and Depressive Symptoms of Italian Public Health Medical Residents: The Public Health Residents’ Anonymous Survey in Italy (PHRASI). Behavioral Sciences. 2023; 13(11):881. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13110881
Chicago/Turabian StyleStacchini, Lorenzo, Alessandro Catalini, Valentina De Nicolò, Claudia Cosma, Veronica Gallinoro, Angela Ancona, Nausicaa Berselli, Marta Caminiti, Clara Mazza, Giuseppa Minutolo, and et al. 2023. "Social Network Characteristics and Depressive Symptoms of Italian Public Health Medical Residents: The Public Health Residents’ Anonymous Survey in Italy (PHRASI)" Behavioral Sciences 13, no. 11: 881. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13110881
APA StyleStacchini, L., Catalini, A., De Nicolò, V., Cosma, C., Gallinoro, V., Ancona, A., Berselli, N., Caminiti, M., Mazza, C., Minutolo, G., Cedrone, F., Gianfredi, V., & on Behalf of the Working Group on Public Mental Health 2021/2022 of the Medical Residents’ Assembly of the Italian Society of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine. (2023). Social Network Characteristics and Depressive Symptoms of Italian Public Health Medical Residents: The Public Health Residents’ Anonymous Survey in Italy (PHRASI). Behavioral Sciences, 13(11), 881. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13110881