Correlation Between Red Cell Distribution Width and Peripheral Vascular Disease Severity and Complexity
Abstract
:1. Background
2. Methods
2.1. Patient Selection
2.2. Procedure and Protocol
2.3. Definitions
3. Statistical Analysis and Approval of the Study
4. Results
5. Discussion
6. Limitations
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Ethics Approval
References
- Li, N.; Zhou, H.; Tang, Q. Red Blood Cell Distribution Width: A Novel Predictive Indicator for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases. Dis. Markers 2017, 2017, 1–23. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Furer, A.; Finkelstein, A.; Halkin, A.; Revivo, M.; Zuzut, M.; Berliner, S.; Herz, I.; Solodukhin, A.; Ofer, H.; Keren, G.; et al. High red blood cell distribution width and preclinical carotid atherosclerosis. Biomarkers 2015, 20, 376–381. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Söderholm, M.; Borne, Y.; Hedblad, B.; Persson, M.; Engström, G. Red cell distribution width in relation to incidence of stroke and carotid atherosclerosis: A population-based cohort study. PLoS ONE 2015, 10. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Lappegard, J.; Ellingsen, T.S.; Vik, A.; Skjelbakken, T.; Brox, J.; Mathiesen, E.B.; Johnsen, S.H.; Braekkan, S.K.; Hansen, J.B. Red cell distribution width and carotid atherosclerosis progression. The Tromsø Study. Thromb. Haemost. 2015, 113, 649–654. [Google Scholar]
- Lappegard, J.; Ellingsen, T.S.; Skjelbakken, T.; Mathiesen, E.B.; Njølstad, I.; Wilsgaard, T.; Brox, J.; Braekkan, S.K.; Hansen, J.B. Red cell distribution width is associated with future risk of incident stroke. The Tromsø Study. Thromb. Haemost. 2016, 115, 126–134. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Bujak, K.; Wasilewski, J.; Osadnik, T.; Jonczyk, S.; Kołodziejska, A.; Gierlotka, M.; Gąsior, M. The Prognostic Role of Red Blood Cell Distribution Width in Coronary Artery Disease: A Review of the Pathophysiology. Dis. Markers. 2015, 2015, 1–12. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Isik, T.; Kurt, M.; Tanboga, I.H.; Ayhan, E.; Gunaydin, Z.Y.; Kaya, A.; Uyarel, H. The impact of admission red cell distribution width on long-term cardiovascular events after primary percutaneous intervention: A four year prospective study. Cardiol. J. 2016, 23, 281–288. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Al-Kindi, S.G.; Refaat, M.; Jayyousi, A.; Asaad, N.; Al Suwaidi, J.; Khalil, C.A. Red Cell Distribution Width Is Associated with All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients with Diabetes. BioMed Res. Int. 2017, 2017, 1–7. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Loprinzi, P.D. Comparative evaluation of red blood cell distribution width and high sensitivity C-reactive protein in predicting all-cause mortality and coronary heart disease mortality. Int. J. Cardiol. 2016, 223, 72–73. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bal, Z.; Bal, U.; Okyay, K.; Yilmaz, M.; Balcioglu, S.; Turgay, Ö.; Hasirci, S.; Aydinalp, A.; Yildirir, A.; Sezer, S.; et al. Hematological parameters can predict the extent of coronary artery disease in patients with end-stage renal disease. Int. Urol. Nephrol. 2015, 47, 1719–1725. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ma, F.L.; Li, S.; Li, X.L.; Liu, J.; Qing, P.; Guo, Y.L.; Xu, R.X.; Zhu, C.G.; Jia, Y.J.; Liu, G.; et al. Correlation of red cell distribution width with the severity of coronary artery disease: a large Chinese cohort study from a single center. Chin. Med. J. 2013, 126, 1053–1057. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Isik, T.; Uyarel, H.; Tanboga, I.H.; Kurt, M.; Ekinci, M.; Kaya, A.; Ayhan, E.; Ergelen, M.; Bayram, E.; Gibson, C.M. Relation of red cell distribution width with the presence, severity, and complexity of coronary artery disease. Coron. Artery Dis. 2012, 23, 51–56. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Açıkgöz, S.K.; Açar, B.; Aydın, S.; Açıkgöz, E.; Er, O.; Şensoy, B.; Balci, M.M.; Yayla, Ç.; Şen, F.; Topal, S.; et al. Red cell distribution width can predict the significance of angiographically intermediate coronary lesions. Med. Princ. Pract. 2016, 25, 31–35. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Keser, A.; Özbek, K.; Ulucan, Ş.; Katlandur, H.; Bilgi, M.; Özdil, H. Relationship between red cell distribution width levels and severity of coronary artery ectasia. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. 2016, 20. [Google Scholar]
- Zalawadiya, S.K.; Veeranna, V.; Panaich, S.S.; Afonso, L. Red cell distribution width and risk of peripheral artery disease: analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2004. Vasc. Med. 2012, 17, 155–163. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ye, Z.; Smith, C.; Kullo, I.J. Usefulness of Red Cell Distribution Width to Predict Mortality in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease. Am. J. Cardiol. 2011, 107, 1241–1245. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hung, T.C.; Pham, S.; Steed, D.L.; Webster, M.W.; Butter, D.B. Alterations in erythrocyte rheology in patients with severe peripheral vascular disease: 1. Cell volume dependence of erythrocyte rigidity. Angiology 1991, 42, 210–217. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Norgren, L.; Hiatt, W.; Dormandy, J.; Nehler, M.; Harris, K.; Fowkes, F. Inter-Society Consensus for the Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease (TASC II). J. Vasc. Surg. 2007, 45, S5–S67. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Herrington, W.; Lacey, B.; Sherliker, P.; Armitage, J.; Lewington, S. Epidemiology of Atherosclerosis and the Potential to Reduce the Global Burden of Atherothrombotic Disease. Circ. Res. 2016, 118, 535–546. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fruchart, J.-C.; Nierman, M.C.; Stroes, E.S.G.; Kastelein, J.J.P.; Duriez, P. New Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis and Patient Risk Assessment. Circulation 2004, 109, 109. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hackam, D.G.; Anand, S.S. Emerging risk factors for atherosclerotic vascular disease: A critical review of the evidence. JAMA 2003, 290, 932–940. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Sakakura, K.; Nakano, M.; Otsuka, F.; Ladich, E.; Kolodgie, F.D.; Virmani, R. Pathophysiology of atherosclerosis plaque progression. Heart Lung Circ. 2013, 22, 399–411. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wonnerth, A.; Krychtiuk, K.A.; Mayer, F.J.; Minar, E.; Wojta, J.; Schillinger, M.; Koppensteiner, R.; Hoke, M. Red cell distribution width and mortality in carotid atherosclerosis. Eur. J. Clin. Investig. 2016, 46, 198–204. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Demirtas, S.; Karahan, O.; Yazici, S.; Guclu, O.; Caliskan, A.; Yavuz, C.; Kucuker, A.; Mavitas, B. The relationship between complete blood count parameters and Fontaine’s Stages in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Vascular 2014, 22, 427–431. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
AORTOILIAC LESIONS | FEMOROPOPLITEAL LESIONS | |
---|---|---|
TASC II A | Single stenosis (<3 cm in length) in the CIA or EIA (unilateral/bilateral) | Single stenosis (<3 cm in length) in the superficial femoral artery or popliteal artery |
TASC II B | 1. Single stenosis (3–10 cm in length) not extending into the CFA 2. Heavily calcified stenosis up to 3 cm in length 3. Unilateral CIA occlusion | 1. Single stenosis (3–10 cm in length) not involving distal popliteal artery 2. Heavily calcified stenosis up to 3 cm in length 3. Multiple lesions, each <3 cm in length (stenoses or occlusions) 4. Single or multiple lesions in the absence of continuous tibial runoff to improve inflow for distal surgical bypass |
TASC II C | 1. Bilateral stenosis (5–10 cm in length) in the CIA and/or EIA, not extending into the CFA 2. Multiple stenoses or occlusions (each 3–5 cm in length) 2. Unilateral EIA occlusion not extending into the CFA with or without heavy calcification 3. Unilateral EIA stenosis extending into the CFA 4. Bilateral CIA occlusion | 1. Single stenosis or occlusion >5 cm in length 2. Unilateral EIA occlusion not extending into the CFA with or without heavy calcification |
TASC II D | 1. Diffuse, multiple unilateral stenosis involving the CIA, EIA, and CFA (usually >10 cm in length) 2. Unilateral occlusion involving both the CIA and EIA 3. Bilateral EIA occlusions 4. Diffuse disease involving the aorta and both iliac arteries 5. Iliac stenosis in a patient with abdominal aortic aneurysm or other lesions requiring aortic or iliac surgery | Complete CFA or superficial femoral artery occlusion or complete popliteal and proximal trifurcation occlusions |
Variables | PVD (−)(n:34) | PVD (+) (n:84) | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
TASC II A-B (n:26) TASC II C-D (n:58) | ||||
Age (years) | 53.5 ± 10.8 | 58.5 ± 12.4 | 61.5 ± 9.5 | 0.003 |
Sex | 0.001 | |||
Male | 57.6% (19) | 80.8% (21) | 91.4% (53) | |
Female | 22.9% (14) | 11.6% (5) | 21.6% (5) | |
Presence of Diabetes mellitus | 31.3% (10) | 28.0% (7) | 31.0% (18) | 0.95 |
Presence of Hypertension | 48.5% (16) | 26.9% (7) | 29.3% (17) | 0.12 |
Presence of Dyslipidemia | 34.4% (11) | 23.1% (6) | 24.1% (14) | 0.51 |
Current smoking | 43.8% (14) | 38.5% (10) | 29.3% (17) | 0.36 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.89 ± 0.18 | 0.86 ± 0.30 | 1.15 ± 0.95 | 0.11 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.9 ± 2.4 | 28.1 ± 4.7 | 28.5 ± 4.3 | 0.009 |
RDW (%) | 12.9 ± 0.8 | 13.7 ± 1.1 | 14.0 ± 1.4 | 0.001 |
4th RDW quartile (≥14.1%) | 2.9% (1) | 34.6% (9) | 34.5% (20) | 0.002 |
Total | 28.2% | 22.2% | 49.6% |
Dependent Variable: TASC II group | Odds Ratio | 95% Confident Interval | p |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 2.62 | 0.005; 0.035 | 0.01 |
Sex (Male/Female) | 0.63 | −0.096; 0.186 | 0.52 |
Presence of Diabetes mellitus | 1.27 | −0.124; 0.567 | 0.20 |
Presence of Hypertension | −2.63 | −0.862; − 0.120 | 0.01 |
Presence of Dyslipidemia | −0.68 | −0.513; 0.250 | 0.49 |
Current smoking | 0.07 | −0.346; 0.374 | 0.93 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.84 | −0.130; 0.321 | 0.40 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 2.46 | 0.009; 0.086 | 0.01 |
4th RDW quartile (>14.1%) | 2.26 | 0.051; 0.774 | 0.02 |
© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Satılmış, S.; Karabulut, A. Correlation Between Red Cell Distribution Width and Peripheral Vascular Disease Severity and Complexity. Med. Sci. 2019, 7, 77. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci7070077
Satılmış S, Karabulut A. Correlation Between Red Cell Distribution Width and Peripheral Vascular Disease Severity and Complexity. Medical Sciences. 2019; 7(7):77. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci7070077
Chicago/Turabian StyleSatılmış, Seçkin, and Ahmet Karabulut. 2019. "Correlation Between Red Cell Distribution Width and Peripheral Vascular Disease Severity and Complexity" Medical Sciences 7, no. 7: 77. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci7070077