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Review

Exploring the Interplay Between Kidney Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease

by
Rajesh Yadav
1,*,
Aqsa Kaim Abubakar
1,
Richa Mishra
2,
Saurabh Gupta
3,
Neelesh Kumar Maurya
4,
Vivek Kumar Kashyap
5,6,
Sarvesh Rustagi
7,
Deependra Pratap Singh
8 and
Sanjay Kumar
9,*
1
Department of Dialysis Technology, Sharda School of Allied Health Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
2
Department of Computer Engineering, Parul Institute of Engineering and Technology (PIET), Parul University, Ta. Waghodia, Vadodara 391760, Gujarat, India
3
Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
4
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Sharda School of Allied Health Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
5
Medicine and Oncology Integrated Service Unit, Division of Cancer Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
6
South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research (ST-CECR), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
7
Department of Food Technology, School of Applied and Life Science, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
8
Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
9
Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Med. Sci. 2025, 13(2), 80; https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci13020080
Submission received: 18 November 2024 / Revised: 8 February 2025 / Accepted: 18 February 2025 / Published: 18 June 2025
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Abstract

This article reveals the various types of complications that are associated with dialysis and kidney-associated disease, including left ventricular hypertrophy, heart failure, vascular heart disease, arrhythmias, diabetes mellitus, intradialytic hypertension, and coronary heart disease. The molecular mechanisms underlying the development of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), including the role of nitric oxide (NO) signaling, have been extensively studied. Patients suffering from CKD need treatment with hemodialysis at the end stages. The kidney is considered the chief excretory organ in humans, which excretes various types of waste materials from the body and balances the acid–base ratio, due to which its role in homeostasis has been considered. When kidneys fail to function properly due to various diseases, hemodialysis plays the role of the kidneys. This procedure involves removing a patient’s blood, filtering it through a dialyzer to remove waste products, and returning the cleaned blood to the body. However, for the hemodialysis procedure, fistula formation is necessary, which is created by specific surgery in which the radial artery and superficial vein are connected in the forearm, near the wrist or elbow. This arteriovenous (AV) fistula creation fails sometimes and causes complications. The prolonged use of hemodialysis procedures and improper care also lead to many complications in chronic kidney patients, which have been discussed in detail in this review article.
Keywords: cardiovascular disease; chronic kidney disease; nitric oxide signaling; hemodialysis cardiovascular disease; chronic kidney disease; nitric oxide signaling; hemodialysis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Yadav, R.; Abubakar, A.K.; Mishra, R.; Gupta, S.; Maurya, N.K.; Kashyap, V.K.; Rustagi, S.; Singh, D.P.; Kumar, S. Exploring the Interplay Between Kidney Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease. Med. Sci. 2025, 13, 80. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci13020080

AMA Style

Yadav R, Abubakar AK, Mishra R, Gupta S, Maurya NK, Kashyap VK, Rustagi S, Singh DP, Kumar S. Exploring the Interplay Between Kidney Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease. Medical Sciences. 2025; 13(2):80. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci13020080

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yadav, Rajesh, Aqsa Kaim Abubakar, Richa Mishra, Saurabh Gupta, Neelesh Kumar Maurya, Vivek Kumar Kashyap, Sarvesh Rustagi, Deependra Pratap Singh, and Sanjay Kumar. 2025. "Exploring the Interplay Between Kidney Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease" Medical Sciences 13, no. 2: 80. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci13020080

APA Style

Yadav, R., Abubakar, A. K., Mishra, R., Gupta, S., Maurya, N. K., Kashyap, V. K., Rustagi, S., Singh, D. P., & Kumar, S. (2025). Exploring the Interplay Between Kidney Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease. Medical Sciences, 13(2), 80. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci13020080

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