Expression of Behavioural Traits in Goldendoodles and Labradoodles
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Collection
2.2. Behavioural Measures
2.3. Statistical Analyses
- ⚬
- yijklmn is the behavioural observation for animal o;
- ⚬
- µ is the overall mean for the observation on trait i;
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- breed (j) was a fixed effect (levels are equal to Labradoodle, Labrador Retriever, Goldendoodle, Golden Retriever, Miniature Poodle and Standard Poodle);
- ⚬
- sex is a fixed effect (k, being either female or male);
- ⚬
- country of residence of the owner completing the survey is a fixed effect representing the environment and culture the dog is from;
- ⚬
- where aquired is a fixed effect of where an owner acquired their dog (m, being either a breeder, pet store, bred by owner, shelter, friend or relative, stray or other);
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- age at evaluation is the fixed effect of the age of the animal when it was evaluated in the C-BARQ system (n, is the category of the dogs’ age; puppy, junior, adult, senior);
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- owner is the random effect of o on the household interaction;
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- a is the random additive genetic effect of animal p;
- ⚬
- the assumptions for the random effects include: is the residual variance, and I is an identity matrix.
3. Results
3.1. Labradoodle
3.2. Goldendoodle
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References and Note
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Trait | Model Effect | Breed Mean Behavioural Scores | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Breed | Breed × Sex | Breed × Country | Breed × Where Acquired | Breed × Age at Evaluation | Labrador Retriever | Labradoodle | Miniature Poodle | Standard Poodle | |
Trainability | ● | ● | ● | ● | 2.63 | 2.73 | 2.54 | 2.70 | |
Stranger aggression | ● | ● | ● | ● | 0.47 | 0.56 | 0.65 | 0.57 | |
Owner aggression | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | 0.23 | 0.12 | 0.32 | 0.16 |
Dog aggression | ● | ● | ● | ● | 0.95 | 0.62 | 0.92 | 0.74 | |
Dog Rivalry | ● | ● | ● | ● | 0.44 a | 0.19 a | 1.02 b | 0.37 a | |
Dog fear | ● | ● | ● | 0.74 | 0.90 | 0.78 | 0.73 | ||
Stranger Fear | ● | ● | 0.50 | 0.69 | 0.65 | 0.66 | |||
Non-Social fear | ● | ● | ● | 0.68 a | 0.91 ab | 1.04 b | 0.72 ab | ||
Touch sensitivity | ● | ● | ● | 0.72 ab | 0.76 ab | 1.04 a | 0.59 b | ||
Separation-related problems | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | 0.55 a | 0.76 ab | 0.93 b | 0.62 ab |
Excitability | ● | ● | 2.00 | 2.04 | 2.28 | 1.93 | |||
Attachment/attention-seeking behaviours | ● | ● | ● | ● | 2.04 | 2.16 | 2.03 | 1.98 | |
Chasing | ● | ● | 1.84 | 1.65 | 1.86 | 1.97 | |||
Energy | ● | ● | ● | 2.11 | 2.20 | 2.04 | 2.07 |
Trait | Model Effect | Breed Mean Behavioural Scores | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Breed | Breed × Sex | Breed × Country | Breed × Where Acquired | Breed × Age at Evaluation Weeks | Golden Retriever | Goldendoodle | Miniature Poodle | Standard Poodle | |
Trainability | ● | ● | 2.61 | 2.91 | 2.54 | 2.69 | |||
Stranger aggression | ● | ● | ● | ● | 0.56 | 0.85 | 0.67 | 0.56 | |
Owner aggression | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | 0.35 a | 0.19 ab | 0.32 ab | 0.17 b |
Dog aggression | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | 0.73 a | 1.68 b | 0.92 a | 0.74 a |
Dog Rivalry | ● | ● | ● | ● | 0.42 a | 0.37 a | 1.05 b | 0.38 a | |
Dog fear | ● | ● | ● | 0.82 ab | 1.44 a | 0.79 ab | 0.74 b | ||
Stranger Fear | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | 0.48 a | 1.16 b | 0.65 ab | 0.66 ab |
Non-Social fear | ● | ● | ● | 0.93 | 1.12 | 1.04 | 0.73 | ||
Touch sensitivity | ● | ● | ● | ● | 0.65 a | 0.75 ab | 1.04 b | 0.61 a | |
Separation-related problems | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | 0.51 a | 0.93 ab | 0.94 b | 0.63 ab |
Excitability | ● | ● | 1.97 | 2.21 | 2.29 | 1.94 | |||
Attachment/attention-seeking behaviours | ● | ● | 1.89 | 2.02 | 2.01 | 1.98 | |||
Chasing | ● | ● | 1.74 | 2.23 | 1.84 | 1.98 | |||
Energy | ● | ● | 2.01 | 2.05 | 2.05 | 2.04 |
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Shouldice, V.L.; Edwards, A.M.; Serpell, J.A.; Niel, L.; Robinson, J.A.B. Expression of Behavioural Traits in Goldendoodles and Labradoodles. Animals 2019, 9, 1162. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9121162
Shouldice VL, Edwards AM, Serpell JA, Niel L, Robinson JAB. Expression of Behavioural Traits in Goldendoodles and Labradoodles. Animals. 2019; 9(12):1162. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9121162
Chicago/Turabian StyleShouldice, Victoria L., A. Michelle Edwards, James A. Serpell, Lee Niel, and J. Andrew B. Robinson. 2019. "Expression of Behavioural Traits in Goldendoodles and Labradoodles" Animals 9, no. 12: 1162. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9121162
APA StyleShouldice, V. L., Edwards, A. M., Serpell, J. A., Niel, L., & Robinson, J. A. B. (2019). Expression of Behavioural Traits in Goldendoodles and Labradoodles. Animals, 9(12), 1162. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9121162