Alpaca (Vicugna pacos) Husbandry and Their Welfare

In recent years, interest in the welfare of alpacas (Vicugna pacos) has been growing, particularly in Europe, where they are becoming increasingly popular for breeding, therapy, and agrotourism. However, there is a lack of specific welfare regulations for alpacas, highlighting the need for further research and education. Alpacas thrive in environments that replicate their natural habitat, with sufficient space, appropriate shelter, and opportunities for social interaction. Proper nutrition, especially a high-fibre diet, is essential for maintaining their health. Social bonds within the herd are also crucial, as alpacas are highly social animals; disruptions in group dynamics can lead to stress and aggression. Human–animal interaction plays a key role as well: early, controlled socialisation encourages tameness, whereas excessive handling, particularly in young males, may lead to behavioural issues such as “berserk syndrome.” Grooming procedures (such as shearing and nail trimming) and training should be carried out using low-stress methods to support animal welfare. Environmental enrichment, including varied terrain, scratching posts, and foraging opportunities, helps prevent boredom and encourages natural behaviours. Monitoring behaviour is essential for identifying signs of stress or discomfort and enables timely intervention. By understanding the physical and emotional needs of alpacas, breeders can improve their well-being, resulting in healthier and more content animals. This knowledge can also inform future welfare regulations and promote more sustainable breeding practices.