Reassortants of the Highly Pathogenic Influenza Virus A/H5N1 Causing Mass Swan Mortality in Kazakhstan from 2023 to 2024
Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethics Statement
2.2. Ecological Features of the Study Area
2.3. Sampling
2.4. Virus Isolation and Characterization
2.5. RNA Extraction
2.6. Real-Time RT-PCR for Primary Detection of Influenza A Viruses
2.7. Determination of the Influenza Virus Subtype
2.8. RT-PCR Reaction
2.9. Sequencing and Phylogenetic Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Clinical and Epidemiologic Features of the Avian Influenza Outbreak at Lake Karakol in the Winter of 2023/2024
3.2. AIV Detection and Characterization
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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# | Strain Name | Sampling Date | Originating Lab | Bird Species | Genbank (Access Numbers) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | A/Mute swan/Mangystau/9809/2023(H5N1) | 26 December 2023 | IMV | Mute swan | PQ151799.1 PB2 PQ151800.1 PB1 PQ151801.1 PA PP346196.1 HA PQ151802.1 NP PP346197.1 NA PP346198.1 M PP346199.1 NS |
2 | A/Cygnus cygnus/Karakol lake/01/2024(H5N1) | 10 January 2024 | RIBSP | Whooper swan | P348302 PB2 PP348303 PB1 PP348304 PA PP348305 HA PP348306 NP PP348307 NA PP348308 M PP348309 NS |
3 | A/Mute swan/Karakol lake/02/2024(H5N1) | 10 January 2024 | RIBSP | Mute swan | PP989359 PB2 PP989360 PB1 PP989361 PA PP989362 HA PP989363 NP PP989364 NA PP989365 M PP989366 NS |
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Sultankulova, K.T.; Argimbayeva, T.U.; Aubakir, N.A.; Bopi, A.; Omarova, Z.D.; Melisbek, A.M.; Karamendin, K.; Kydyrmanov, A.; Chervyakova, O.V.; Kerimbayev, A.A.; et al. Reassortants of the Highly Pathogenic Influenza Virus A/H5N1 Causing Mass Swan Mortality in Kazakhstan from 2023 to 2024. Animals 2024, 14, 3211. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14223211
Sultankulova KT, Argimbayeva TU, Aubakir NA, Bopi A, Omarova ZD, Melisbek AM, Karamendin K, Kydyrmanov A, Chervyakova OV, Kerimbayev AA, et al. Reassortants of the Highly Pathogenic Influenza Virus A/H5N1 Causing Mass Swan Mortality in Kazakhstan from 2023 to 2024. Animals. 2024; 14(22):3211. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14223211
Chicago/Turabian StyleSultankulova, Kulyaisan T., Takhmina U. Argimbayeva, Nurdos A. Aubakir, Arailym Bopi, Zamira D. Omarova, Aibarys M. Melisbek, Kobey Karamendin, Aidyn Kydyrmanov, Olga V. Chervyakova, Aslan A. Kerimbayev, and et al. 2024. "Reassortants of the Highly Pathogenic Influenza Virus A/H5N1 Causing Mass Swan Mortality in Kazakhstan from 2023 to 2024" Animals 14, no. 22: 3211. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14223211
APA StyleSultankulova, K. T., Argimbayeva, T. U., Aubakir, N. A., Bopi, A., Omarova, Z. D., Melisbek, A. M., Karamendin, K., Kydyrmanov, A., Chervyakova, O. V., Kerimbayev, A. A., Burashev, Y. D., Kasymbekov, Y. T., & Orynbayev, M. B. (2024). Reassortants of the Highly Pathogenic Influenza Virus A/H5N1 Causing Mass Swan Mortality in Kazakhstan from 2023 to 2024. Animals, 14(22), 3211. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14223211