Long-Term Seed Dispersal within an Asymmetric Lizard-Plant Interaction
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Period and Area
2.2. Study System
2.2.1. The Lizard
2.2.2. The Plant
2.3. Distribution and Abundance of Plants and Lizards
2.4. Seed Dispersal
2.5. Climatic Information
2.6. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Plant and Lizard Densities
3.2. Seed Dispersal
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Year | Density | ±SE | n |
---|---|---|---|
1999 | 4800 | 1397 | 159 |
2003 | 20,489 | 5109 | 807 |
2005 | 25,052 | 5095 | 500 |
2006 | 33,253 | 7904 | 665 |
2007 | 23,472 | 1678 | 468 |
2008 | 11,651 | 1158 | 233 |
2009 | 26,903 | 3933 | 538 |
2010 | 24,400 | 1105 | 488 |
2011 | 12,600 | 794 | 252 |
2012 | 23,002 | 3505 | 460 |
2013 | 27,200 | 1166 | 544 |
2014 | 35,400 | 1330 | 708 |
2015 | 66,003 | 1817 | 1320 |
2016 | 13,300 | 815 | 266 |
2017 | 34,900 | 1321 | 698 |
2018 | 41,500 | 1440 | 830 |
2019 | 37,150 | 1363 | 743 |
2021 | 41,500 | 1440 | 830 |
2022 | 55,500 | 1666 | 1112 |
Year | n | Lizard Density | ±SE | n | Plant Density | ±SE | Area |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2003 | 119 | 3706 | 632.11 | 0 | 0 | Northern peninsula | |
2003 | 214 | 2110 | 413.81 | 214 | 5095.25 | 4385.73 | Western peninsula |
2003 | 180 | 3282 | 304 | 1316 | 18,800 | 518 | High-density east |
2003 | 114 | 2007 | 233 | 670 | 9571 | 370 | High-density west |
2003 | 147 | 2660 | 272 | 179 | 2557 | 191 | Low-density east |
2003 | 135 | 2125 | 226 | 68 | 971 | 118 | Low-density west |
2009 | 196 | 3410 | 303 | 815 | 5821 | 204 | High-density east |
2009 | 123 | 2567 | 300 | 217 | 1833 | 124 | High-density west |
2009 | 112 | 2780 | 322 | 46 | 329 | 48.4 | Low-density east |
2009 | 128 | 2420 | 264 | 69 | 493 | 59.3 | Low-density west |
2009 | 133 | 2258 | 240 | 220 | 1105 | 74.9 | Western peninsula |
2009 | 118 | 4258 | 482 | 0 | 0 | Northern peninsula | |
2010 | 193 | 3416 | 302 | 1026 | 4580 | 143 | High-density east |
2010 | 135 | 2578 | 273 | 122 | 699 | 64.1 | High-density west |
2010 | 117 | 1696 | 193 | 29 | 167 | 31.5 | Low-density east |
2010 | 171 | 2854 | 268 | 106 | 631 | 61.3 | Low-density west |
2010 | 117 | 3911 | 445 | 0 | 0 | Northern peninsula | |
2010 | 184 | 3063 | 277 | 230 | 1174 | 77.4 | Western peninsula |
2015 | 142 | 2408 | 252 | 3077 | 43,957 | 792 | High-density east |
2015 | 202 | 2451 | 226 | 697 | 9957 | 377 | Low-density east |
2015 | 87 | 1719 | 232 | 1197 | 21,373 | 618 | High-density west |
2015 | 113 | 1529 | 185 | 1102 | 15,742 | 474 | Low-density west |
2015 | 103 | 1534 | 195 | 30 | 714 | 130 | Northern peninsula |
2015 | 58 | 758 | 123 | 529 | 5971 | 260 | Western peninsula |
2018 | 161 | 1295 | 141 | 152 | 893 | 72.9 | Inner Eastern |
2018 | 154 | 1446 | 156 | 239 | 1423 | 92 | Coastal Eastern |
2018 | 110 | 2661 | 351 | 24 | 429 | 87.5 | Northern peninsula |
2018 | 280 | 2089 | 170 | 1059 | 6619 | 203 | Western peninsula |
2018 | 230 | 1643 | 108 | High-density east | |||
2018 | 146 | 1673 | 195 | High-density west | |||
2018 | 190 | 1357 | 98.4 | 148 | 1021 | 85.4 | Low-density east |
2018 | 201 | 2188 | 207 | 337 | 2407 | 131 | Low-density west |
2019 | 270 | 1598 | 126 | 626 | 3862 | 155 | Western peninsula |
2019 | 129 | 1969 | 227 | 120 | 1007 | 91.9 | Northern peninsula |
2021 | 86 | 1458 | 202 | 7 | 250 | 94.5 | Northern peninsula |
2021 | 154 | 1623 | 166 | 626 | 7716 | 309 | Western peninsula |
2021 | 53 | 495 | 90.8 | 49 | 411 | 60.6 | Inner Eastern |
2021 | 66 | 670 | 109 | 65 | 381 | 47.6 | Coastal Eastern |
2021 | 204 | 2023 | 195 | 1786 | 12,757 | 302 | High-density east |
2021 | 138 | 2110 | 239 | 432 | 3724 | 179 | High-density west |
2021 | 172 | 1602 | 171 | 208 | 1486 | 103 | Low-density east |
2021 | 152 | 1807 | 193 | 254 | 1814 | 114 | Low-density west |
Year | Validrainfall | Iqindexvalid | Qembergervalid | Faecal Sample | % Dispersal | Area |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1999 | 463.2 | 83.35618994 | 52.01351893 | 98 | 68.6868687 | high-density |
2002 | 662.9 | 56.5574049 | 37.39399188 | 492 | 49.796748 | high-density |
2003 | 743.2 | 73.74305344 | 54.36904352 | 492 | 49.796748 | high-density |
2004 | 611.4 | 81.54212812 | 51.23287728 | 65 | 92.3076923 | high-density |
2006 | 459.2 | 63.89507521 | 38.88416469 | 101 | 79.2079208 | high-density |
2007 | 510.2 | 52.4549868 | 33.20414184 | 114 | 57.02 | high-density |
2008 | 645.9 | 62.29556038 | 43.56115424 | 101 | 53.4653465 | high-density |
2009 | 720.9 | 75.60845234 | 47.88530657 | 75 | 26.6666667 | high-density |
2010 | 648.1 | 80.70159783 | 50.62556883 | 63 | 41.2698413 | high-density |
2011 | 756.6 | 75.1625245 | 50.10932663 | 50 | 30 | high-density |
2012 | 505.5 | 87.00107253 | 52.17241379 | 100 | 78 | high-density |
2013 | 50.6 | 54.64305975 | 34.67078189 | 101 | 86.1386139 | high-density |
2014 | 573.4 | 56.02777172 | 37.33664292 | 50 | 46 | high-density |
2015 | 637 | 63.67560676 | 40.4475043 | 50 | 52 | high-density |
2016 | 417.3 | 70.4336912 | 45.14352736 | 56 | 80.3571429 | high-density |
2017 | 465.7 | 46.58086127 | 29.0967661 | 50 | 68 | high-density |
2018 | 552.9 | 46.58086127 | 30.9718387 | 51 | 70.5882353 | high-density |
2019 | 596.4 | 62.25900377 | 37.89581905 | 56 | 60.7143 | high-density |
2021 | 378.3 | 67.86940073 | 43.75732056 | 50 | 68 | high-density |
2022 | 567.5 | 26.2916 | 50 | 76 | high-density | |
2011 | 756.6 | 75.1625245 | 50.10932663 | 50 | 0 | northern peninsula |
2012 | 505.5 | 87.00107253 | 52.17241379 | 100 | 13 | northern peninsula |
2013 | 503.6 | 54.64305975 | 34.67078189 | 52 | 26.923077 | northern peninsula |
2014 | 573.4 | 56.02777172 | 37.33664292 | 48 | 25 | northern peninsula |
2017 | 465.7 | 46.58086127 | 29.0967661 | 50 | 10 | northern peninsula |
2018 | 552.9 | 46.58086127 | 30.9718387 | 50 | 22 | northern peninsula |
2019 | 596.4 | 62.25900377 | 37.89581905 | 50 | 10 | northern peninsula |
2021 | 378.3 | 67.86940073 | 43.75732056 | 50 | 56 | northern peninsula |
2022 | 567.5 | 26.2916 | 50 | 42 | northern peninsula | |
2011 | 756.6 | 75.1625245 | 50.10932663 | 50 | 14 | western peninsula |
2012 | 505.5 | 87.00107253 | 52.17241379 | 100 | 3 | western peninsula |
2013 | 503.6 | 54.64305975 | 34.67078189 | 50 | 14 | western peninsula |
2014 | 573.4 | 56.02777172 | 37.33664292 | 42 | 35.7142857 | western peninsula |
2017 | 465.7 | 46.58086127 | 29.0967661 | 50 | 6 | western peninsula |
2018 | 552.9 | 46.58086127 | 30.9718387 | 25 | 76 | western peninsula |
2019 | 596.4 | 62.25900377 | 37.89581905 | 25 | 68 | western peninsula |
2021 | 378.3 | 67.86940073 | 43.75732056 | 25 | 80 | western peninsula |
2022 | 567.5 | 26.2916 | 25 | 64 | western peninsula | |
1997 | 490 | 93.98154827 | 71.57307191 | 48 | 20.8333333 | low-density |
2002 | 662.9 | 56.5574049 | 37.39399188 | 262 | 11.4503817 | low-density |
2003 | 743.2 | 73.74305344 | 54.36904352 | 56 | 48.2142857 | low-density |
2004 | 611.4 | 81.54212812 | 51.23287728 | 262 | 11.4503817 | low-density |
2006 | 459.2 | 63.89507521 | 38.88416469 | 102 | 35.2941177 | low-density |
2007 | 510.2 | 52.4549868 | 33.20414184 | 91 | 23.08 | low-density |
2008 | 645.9 | 62.29556038 | 43.56115424 | 51 | 35.2941177 | low-density |
2009 | 720.9 | 75.60845234 | 47.88530657 | 54 | 12.962963 | low-density |
2010 | 648.1 | 80.70159783 | 50.62556883 | 88 | 22.7272727 | low-density |
2011 | 756.6 | 75.1625245 | 50.10932663 | 50 | 2 | low-density |
2012 | 505.5 | 87.00107253 | 52.17241379 | 100 | 22 | low-density |
2013 | 503.6 | 54.64305975 | 34.67078189 | 102 | 41.1764706 | low-density |
2014 | 573.4 | 56.02777172 | 37.33664292 | 50 | 36 | low-density |
2016 | 417.3 | 70.4336912 | 45.14352736 | 38 | 13.1578947 | low-density |
2017 | 465.7 | 46.58086127 | 29.0967661 | 50 | 30 | low-density |
2018 | 552.9 | 46.58086127 | 30.9718387 | 50 | 36 | low-density |
2019 | 596.4 | 62.25900377 | 37.89581905 | 51 | 45.098 | low-density |
2021 | 378.3 | 67.86940073 | 43.75732056 | 50 | 56 | low-density |
2022 | 567.5 | 26.2916 | 50 | 48 | low-density |
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Pérez-Cembranos, A.; Pérez-Mellado, V. Long-Term Seed Dispersal within an Asymmetric Lizard-Plant Interaction. Animals 2023, 13, 973. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13060973
Pérez-Cembranos A, Pérez-Mellado V. Long-Term Seed Dispersal within an Asymmetric Lizard-Plant Interaction. Animals. 2023; 13(6):973. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13060973
Chicago/Turabian StylePérez-Cembranos, Ana, and Valentín Pérez-Mellado. 2023. "Long-Term Seed Dispersal within an Asymmetric Lizard-Plant Interaction" Animals 13, no. 6: 973. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13060973