Effects of Drying Methods and Blanching on Nutrient Utilization in Black Soldier Fly Larva Meals Based on In Vitro Assays for Pigs
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Department of Animal Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
2
Animal Nutrition and Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
3
Feed R&D, CJ Feed & Care, Seoul 04548, Republic of Korea
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Animals 2023, 13(5), 858; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13050858
Submission received: 20 January 2023
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Revised: 13 February 2023
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Accepted: 24 February 2023
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Published: 26 February 2023
(This article belongs to the Collection Insects as Animal Feed: A New Promising Sector)
Simple Summary
Black soldier fly larva meal is considered a promising protein source due to its high concentration of protein. A disinfection process is necessary to produce black soldier fly larva meal, because the black soldier fly is generally reared in food wastes or livestock manure. Drying methods include microwave drying, hot-air drying, and sun drying. Additionally, blanching as a pretreatment is also used to destroy microorganisms. However, information on the effect of these methods on nutrient utilization of black soldier fly larva meal by pigs is scarce. In the present study, the effects of drying and blanching methods on nutrient utilization were measured based on in vitro assays. Microwave-dried black soldier fly larva meal had less nitrogen digestibility than hot-air-dried black soldier fly larva meal. However, microwave-dried black soldier fly larva meal had greater nitrogen digestibility than blanched black soldier fly larva meal. The present study suggested that hot-air drying is recommended to produce black soldier fly larva meal based on the nutrient digestibility of black soldier fly larva meal for pigs.
Abstract
The objective was to determine the effects of drying and blanching methods on the nutrient utilization of black soldier fly larva (BSFL; Hermetia illucens) meal by pigs using in vitro assays. Two-step and three-step in vitro assays were employed to simulate the gastrointestinal tract of pigs. Four BSFL meals were prepared using the following pretreatment methods: (1) microwave drying at 80 °C for 32 min, (2) hot-air drying at 60 °C for 17 h, (3) blanching for 5 min in boiling water and hot-air drying at 60 °C for 17 h, and (4) 2% citric acid solution blanching for 5 min in boiling solution and hot-air drying at 60 °C for 17 h. After the drying process, each BSFL was defatted and ground to obtain BSFL meals. The nitrogen (N) concentration in the test ingredients ranged from 8.5 to 9.4%, and the ether extract ranged from 6.9 to 11.5% on an as-is basis. The amino acid (AA) concentration in the BSFL meals ranged from 2.80 to 3.24% for Lys and 0.71 to 0.89% for Met on an as-is basis. Hot-air-dried BSFL meal had a greater in vitro ileal disappearance (IVID) of N compared with microwave-dried BSFL meal (p < 0.05). However, blanched BSFL meals in water or 2% citric acid solution before hot-air drying had a lower (p < 0.05) IVID of N compared with microwave-dried or hot-air-dried BSFL meal. Blanched BSFL meals in water or 2% citric acid solution before hot-air drying showed a lower (p < 0.05) in vitro total tract disappearance of dry matter and organic matter compared with microwave-dried or hot-air-dried BSFL meal. Microwave-dried BSFL meal had a lower (p < 0.05) IVID of indispensable AA, except for His, Lys, Met, and Phe, compared with hot-air-dried BSFL meals. However, blanched BSFL meals in water or 2% citric acid solution before hot-air drying showed a lower (p < 0.05) IVID of indispensable AA compared with microwave-dried or hot-air-dried BSFL meal. In conclusion, hot-air-dried BSFL meal presented greater nutrient utilization compared with microwave-dried BSFL meal for pigs. However, blanching in water or citric acid solution negatively affected the nutrient digestibility of BSFL meal based on in vitro assays.
