Contribution to the Knowledge of Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) from the Province of León, Spain: An Epidemiological and Molecular Study
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Animals Object of Study
2.3. Sampling Procedures
2.4. Morphological Identification of Nematodes
2.5. Molecular Analysis
2.6. Coprological Analysis
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Necropsy Results
3.1.1. Abomasum Parasitism
3.1.2. Small Intestine Parasitism
3.1.3. Large Intestine/Cecum Parasitism
3.2. Coprological Data
3.3. Molecular Results: Sequences
3.3.1. DNA Sequences of Spiculopteragia spiculoptera/S. mathevossiani
3.3.2. DNA Sequences of Ostertagia leptospicularis/O. kolchida
3.3.3. DNA Sequences of Females of the Ostertagiinae Subfamily
3.3.4. DNA Sequence of Trichostrongylus axei
3.3.5. DNA Sequence of Nematodirus europaeus
3.3.6. DNA Sequence of Oesophagostomum venulosum
3.4. Phylogenetic Trees
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sampling | Host Age | Body Weight | N Roe Deer | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Riaño Reserve | ≤2 Years | >2 Years | ≤22 kg | >22 kg | Examined |
Zone A | 5 | 13 | 3 | 15 | 18 |
Zone B | 8 | 20 | 6 | 22 | 28 |
Zone C | 14 | 16 | 10 | 20 | 30 |
Mampodre Reserve | 5 | 11 | 7 | 9 | 16 |
Total | 32 | 60 | 26 | 66 | 92 |
Total | Abomasum | Small Intestine | Large Int./Cecum | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | ± SD (Range) | % | ± SD (Range) | % | ± SD (Range) | % | ± SD (Range) | |
Total n = 92 | 100 | 491.7 ± 481.0 9–2755 | 98.9 | 370.7 ± 374.4 3–1762 | 88.0 | 131.7 ± 225.6 4–1254 | 78.3 | 6.3 ± 5.5 1–26 |
Riaño n = 76 | 100 | 516.2 ± 504.0 23–2755 | 100 | 386.0 ± 384.7 19–1373 | 85.5 | 145.5 ± 248.6 3–1254 | 84.2 | 6.8 ± 5.6 1–23 |
Zone A n = 18) | 100 | 528.8 ± 427.2 23–1413 | 100 | 394.6 ± 394.2 19–1322 | 88.9 | 141.3 ± 169.7 4–540 | 94.4 | 9.2 ± 7.1 1–23 |
Zone B (n = 28) | 100 | 538.5 ± 595.0 74–2755 | 100 | 422.9 ± 394.2 38–1762 | 89.3 | 123.8 ± 209.4 3–985 | 75 | 5.0 ± 5.6 1–21 |
Zone C (n = 30) | 100 | 487.7 ± 467.8 20–1102 | 100 | 346.4 ± 316.9 20–1101 | 80 | 170.9 ± 326.0 4–1254 | 86.7 | 5.4 ± 4.2 1–19 |
Mampodre n = 16 | 100 | 375.4 ± 340.8 9–1095 | 93.7 | 318.3 ± 322.8 3–1091 | 100 | 75.2 ± 59.9 6–179 | 62.5 | 2.9 ± 2.1 1–8 |
≤2 years n = 32 | 100 | 638.0 ± 646.1 9–2755 | 100 | 465.7 ± 448.3 3–1762 | 75 | 223.7 ± 362.8 1–1254 | 75.0 | 5.9 ± 6.2 1–23 |
>2 years n = 60 | 100 | 413.7 ± 346.0 33–1413 | 100 | 320.1 ± 321.0 21–1373 | 95 | 92.8 ± 116.2 3–540 | 83.3 | 6.4 ± 5.1 1–26 |
≤22 kg n = 26 | 100 | 690.8 ± 597.0 63–2755 | 96.1 | 569.0 ± 445.5 37–1762 | 84.6 | 164.4 ± 216.8 4–985 | 88.5 | 5.2 ± 4.7 1–19 |
>22 kg n = 66 | 100 | 413.2 ± 405.8 33–1413 | 100 | 301.3 ± 317.5 3–1322 | 89.4 | 119.4 ± 229.5 3–1107 | 77.3 | 6.8 ± 5.8 1–26 |
Species (18 spp.) | Abomasum | Small Intestine | Large Int./ Cecum | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | ± SD (Range) | % | ± SD (Range) | % | ± SD (Range) | |
Teladorsagia circumcincta n = 78 | 84.8 | 47.9 ± 68.3 (1–400) | ||||
Teladorsagia trifurcata n = 19 | 20.6 | 3.6 ± 3.9 (1–13) | ||||
T. circumcincta/T. trifurcata n = 80 | 86.9 | 47.6 ± 67.9 (1–400) | ||||
Spiculopteragia spiculoptera n = 69 | 75 | 42.4 ± 61.9 (1–365) | ||||
Spiculopteragia mathevossiani n = 11 | 11.9 | 10.8 ± 21.7 (1–73) | ||||
S. spiculoptera/S. mathevosiani n = 71 | 77.2 | 42.9 ± 62.6 (1–365) | ||||
Ostertagia leptospicularis n = 11 | 11.9 | 14.9 ± 11.1 (2–28) | ||||
Ostertagia kolchida n = 42 | 45.7 | 9.9 ± 15 (1–84) | ||||
O. leptospicularis/O. kolchida n = 49 | 53.3 | 11.6 ± 14.9 (1–84) | ||||
Marshallagia marshalli n = 29 | 31.5 | 6.6 ± 6.8 (1–18) | ||||
O. (Grospiculopteragia) occidentalis n = 4 | 4.4 | 3.3 ± 2.1 (1–6) | ||||
Haemonchus contortus n = 15 | 16.3 | 5.5 ± 7.0 (1–29) | ||||
Trichostrongylus axei n = 78 (A); n = 57 (SI) | 84.8 | 52.9 ± 74.2 (1–336) | 51,2 | 5.5 ± 5.5 (1–46) | ||
Trichostrongylus vitinus n = 32 (A); n = 22 (SI) | 34.8 | 4 ± 4.7 (1–27) | 23.9 | 4.5 ± 6.2 (1–29) | ||
Trichostrongylus capricola n = 15 (A); n = 19 (SI) | 16.3 | 1.9 ± 1.5 (1–7) | 20.6 | 3.6 ± 5.4 (1–24) | ||
Trichostrongylus colubriformis n = 9 (A); n = 9 (SI) | 9.8 | 2.3 ± 1.9 (1–6) | 9.8 | 3.4 ± 2.8 (1–8) | ||
Nematodirus europaeus n = 7 (A); n = 74 (SI) | 7.6 | 10.7 ± 11 (1–7) | 80.4 | 115.3 ± 221.7 (1–1226) | ||
Capillaria bovis n = 33 | 35.9 | 5 ± 6.8 (1–27) | ||||
Cooperia oncophora n = 16 | 17.4 | 6.6 ± 11.1 (1–46) | ||||
Trichuris ovis n = 62 | 64.1 | 3.7 ± 2.2 (1–10) | ||||
Oesophagostomum venulosum n = 54 | 58.7 | 4.3 ± 4.4 (1–19) |
Total Sheep n = 151 | Total Roe Deer n = 92 | Mampodre Roe Deer n = 16 | Riaño Roe Deer n = 76 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Trichostrongylid eggs | 87.7% = 143 ± 233 (13–1.700) | 65.2% = 47.3 ± 46.8 (6–260) | 75% = 32.9 ± 29.2 (13–100) | 63.2% = 32.0 ± 46.5 (12–260) |
Nematodirus spp. | 21,2% = 42 ± 26 (13–186) | –––––––– | ––––––– | ––––––– |
Trichuris spp. | 3.3% = 20 ± 4 (13–46) | 52.2% = 19.1 ± 17 (6–66) | 18.7% = 13 ± 0 (13–13) | 59.2% = 19.1 ± 16.5 (6–33) |
Moniezia sp. | 6% | 21.7% | 37.5% | 18.4% |
Coccidia oocysts | 96% = 89 ± 278 (13–2500) | 49% = 574 ± 2847 | 37.5% = 3295 ± 779 (50–19200 | 51.3% = 156 ± 211 (13–800) |
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González, S.; del Rio, M.L.; Díez-Baños, N.; Martínez, A.; Hidalgo, M.d.R. Contribution to the Knowledge of Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) from the Province of León, Spain: An Epidemiological and Molecular Study. Animals 2023, 13, 3117. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13193117
González S, del Rio ML, Díez-Baños N, Martínez A, Hidalgo MdR. Contribution to the Knowledge of Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) from the Province of León, Spain: An Epidemiological and Molecular Study. Animals. 2023; 13(19):3117. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13193117
Chicago/Turabian StyleGonzález, Sara, María Luisa del Rio, Natividad Díez-Baños, Angélica Martínez, and María del Rosario Hidalgo. 2023. "Contribution to the Knowledge of Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) from the Province of León, Spain: An Epidemiological and Molecular Study" Animals 13, no. 19: 3117. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13193117
APA StyleGonzález, S., del Rio, M. L., Díez-Baños, N., Martínez, A., & Hidalgo, M. d. R. (2023). Contribution to the Knowledge of Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) from the Province of León, Spain: An Epidemiological and Molecular Study. Animals, 13(19), 3117. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13193117