A New Species of Pareas (Squamata, Pareidae) from Guangxi Province, China †
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sampling
2.2. Morphological Examination
2.3. Molecular Phylogeny
3. Results
3.1. Phylogenetic Relationship
3.2. Taxonomic Account
3.3. Diagnosis
3.4. Comparisons
3.5. Description of Holotype
3.6. Variation
3.7. Distribution
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Deepak, V.; Ruane, S.; Gower, D.J. A new subfamily of fossorial colubroid snakes from the Western Ghats of peninsular India. J. Nat. Hist. 2018, 52, 2919–2934. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Uetz, P. (Ed.) The Reptile Database; Available online: http://www.reptile-database.org (accessed on 10 June 2023).
- Narayanan, S.; Mohapatra, P.P.; Balan, A.; Das, S.; Gower, D.J. A new species of Xylophis beddome, 1878 (Serpentes: Pareidae) from the southern western Ghats of India. Vertebr. Zool. 2021, 71, 219–230. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Poyarkov, N.A.; Nguyen, T.V.; Pawangkhanant, P.; Yushchenko, P.V.; Brakels, P.; Nguyen, L.H.; Nguyen, H.N.; Suwannapoom, C.; Orlov, N.; Vogel, G. An integrative taxonomic revision of slug-eating snakes (Squamata: Pareidae: Pareineae) reveals unprecedented diversity in Indochina. PeerJ 2022, 10, e12713. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Grossmann, W.; Tillack, F. On the taxonomic status of Asthenodipsas tropidonotus (Van Lidth de Jeude, 1923) and Pareas vertebralis (Boulenger, 1900) (Serpentes: Colubridae: Pareatinae). Russ. J. Herpetol. 2003, 10, 175–190. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, P.; Che, J.; Liu, Q.; Li, K.; Jin, J.Q.; Jiang, K.; Shi, L.; Guo, P. A revised taxonomy of Asia snail-eating snakes Pareas (Squamata, Pareidae): Evidence from morphological comparison and molecular phylogeny. ZooKeys 2020, 939, 45–64. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ding, L.; Chen, Z.; Suwannapoom, C.; Nguyen, T.V.; Poyarkov, N.A.; Vogel, G. A new species of the Pareas hamptoni complex (Squamata Serpentes: Pareidae) from the Golden Triangle. Taprobanica 2020, 9, 174–193. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Vogel, G.; Nguyen, T.V.; Lalremsanga, H.T.; Biakzuala, L.; Hrima, V.; Poyarkov, N.A. Taxonomic reassessment of the Pareas margaritophorus-macularius species complex (Squamata, Pareidae). Vertebr. Zool. 2020, 70, 547–569. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wu, Y.H.; Hou, S.B.; Yuan, Z.Y.; Jiang, K.; Huang, R.Y.; Wang, K.; Liu, Q.; Yu, Z.B.; Zhao, H.P.; Zhang, B.L.; et al. DNA barcoding of Chinese snakes reveals hidden diversity and conservation needs. Mol. Ecol. Resour. 2023, 23, 1124–1141. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, S.; Rao, D.Q. A new species of the genus Pareas (Squamata, Pareidae) from Yunnan, China. ZooKeys 2021, 1011, 121–138. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Vogel, G. New montane species of the genus Pareas Wagler, 1830 (Squamata: Pareatidae) from Northern Myanmar. Taprobanica 2015, 7, 1–7. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- You, C.W.; Poyarkov, N.A.; Lin, S.M. Diversity of the snail-eating snakes Pareas (Serpentes, Pareatidae) from Taiwan. Zool. Scr. 2015, 44, 349–361. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bhosale, H.; Phansalkar, P.; Sawant, M.; Gowande, G.; Patel, H.; Mirza, Z.A. A new species of snail-eating snakes of the genus Pareas Wagler, 1830 (Reptilia: Serpentes) from eastern Himalayas, India. Eur. J. Taxon. 2020, 729, 54–73. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, S.; Yang, M.J.; Rao, J.Q.; Guo, Y.H.; Rao, D.Q. A New Species of Pareas Wagler, 1830 (Squamata, Pareidae) from Northwestern Yunnan, China. Taxonomy 2023, 3, 169–182. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, S.; Zhang, D.R.; Poyarkov, N.A.; Hou, M.; Wu, L.; Rao, D.Q.; Nguyen, T.V.; Vogel, G. Resurrection of Pareas yunnanensis (Vogt, 1922) with description of a new species of Pareas from Yunnan Province, China (Squamata, Pareidae). Eur. J. Taxon. 2023, 860, 1–26. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dowling, H.G. A proposed standard system of counting ventrals in snakes. Br. J. Herpetol. 1951, 1, 97–99. [Google Scholar]
- Queiroz, A.D.; Lawson, R.; Lemos-Espinal, J.A. Phylogenetic relationships of North American garter snakes (Thamnophis) based on four mitochondrial genes: How much DNA is enough? Mol. Phylogenetics Evol. 2002, 22, 315–329. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Salvi, D.; Harris, D.J.; Kaliontzopoulou, A.; Carretero, M.A.; Pinho, C. Persistence across Pleistocene ice ages in Mediterranean and extra-Mediterranean refugia: Phylogeographic insights from the common wall lizard. BMC Evol. Biol. 2013, 13, 147. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Burland, T.G. DNASTAR’s Lasergene sequence analysis software. Methods Mol. Biol. 2000, 132, 71–91. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kraus, F.; Brown, W.M. Phylogenetic relationships of colubroid snakes based on mitochondrial DNA sequences. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 1998, 122, 455–487. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Guo, Y.H.; Wu, Y.K.; He, S.P.; Shi, H.T.; Zhao, E.M. Systematics and molecular phylogenetics of Asian snail-eating snakes (Pareatidae). Zootaxa 2011, 3001, 57–64. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Loredo, A.I.; Wood, P.L.; Quah, E.S.H.; Anuar, S.; Greer, L.F.; Ahmad, N.; Grismer, L.L. Cryptic speciation within Asthenodipsas vertebralis (Boulenger, 1900) (Squamata: Pareatidae), the description of a new species from Peninsular Malaysia, and the resurrection of A. tropidonotus (Lidth de Jue, 1923) from Sumatra: An integrative taxonomic analysis. Zootaxa 2013, 3664, 505–524. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Figueroa, A.; McKelvy, A.D.; Grismer, L.L.; Bell, C.D.; Lailvaux, S.P. A species-level phylogeny of extant snakes with description of a new colubrid subfamily and genus. PLoS ONE 2016, 11, e0161070. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Deepak, V.; Narayanan, S.; Das, S.; Rajkumar, K.P.; Easa, P.S.; Sreejith, K.A.; Gower, D.J. Description of a new species of Xylophis Beddome, 1878 (Serpentes: Pareidae: Xylophiinae) from the Western Ghats, India. Zootaxa 2020, 4755, 231–250. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kumar, S.; Stecher, G.; Li, M.; Knyaz, C.; Tamura, K. MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across computing platforms. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2018, 35, 1547–1549. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Stamatakis, A. RAxML-VI-HPC: Maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. Bioinformatics 2006, 22, 2688–2690. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Minh, B.Q.; Nguyen, M.A.T.; von Haeseler, A. Ultrafast approximation for phylogenetic bootstrap. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2013, 30, 1188–1195. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Tamura, K.; Nei, M.; Kumar, S. Prospects for inferring very large phylogenies by using the neighbor-joining method. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2004, 101, 11030–11035. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Suntrarachun, S.; Chanhome, L.; Hauser, S.; Sumontha, M.; Kanya, K. Molecular phylogenetic support to the resurrection of Pareas macularius from the synonymy of Pareas margaritophorus (Squamata: Pareidae). Trop. Nat. Hist. 2020, 20, 182–190. [Google Scholar]
- Vogel, G.; Nguyen, T.V.; Zaw, T.; Poyarkov, N.A. A new species of the Pareas monticola complex (Squamata, Serpentes, Pareidae) from Chin Mountains with additions to the Pareas fauna of Myanmar. J. Nat. Hist. 2021, 54, 2577–2612. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Boulenger, G.A. Descriptions of new reptiles and batrachians from Borneo. In Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London; Blackwell Publishing Ltd.: Oxford, UK, 1900; Volume 69, pp. 182–187. [Google Scholar]
- Guo, K.J.; Deng, X.J. A new species of Pareas (Serpentes: Colubridae: Pareatinae) from the Gaoligong Mountains, southwestern China. Zootaxa 2008, 1, 53–60. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Stuebing, R.B.; Inger, R.F.; Lardner, B. A Field Guide to the Snakes of Borneo; Natural History Publication: Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, 2014; 310p. [Google Scholar]
- Maki, M. Monograph of the Snakes of Japan; Dai-ichi Shobo: Tokyo, Japan, 1931; 240p. [Google Scholar]
- Maki, M. A new subspecies, Amblycephalus formosensis iwasakii, belonging to Amblycephalidae from Ishigaki-jima. Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1937, 27, 217–218. [Google Scholar]
- Barbour, T. Some Chinese vertebrates: Amphibia and reptilia. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoölogy 1912, 40, 125–136. [Google Scholar]
- Angel, M.F. Liste de reptiles récémment déterminés et entrés dans les collections et description d’une nouvelle espèce du genre Amblycephalus. Bull. Du Muséum Natl. D’histoire Nat. 1920, 2, 112–114. [Google Scholar]
- Smith, M.A. The Fauna of British India Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III. Serpentes. Vol. III; Taylor and Francis: London, UK, 1943. [Google Scholar]
- Taylor, E.H. The serpents of Thailand and adjacent waters. Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull. 1965, 45, 609–1096. [Google Scholar]
- Li, J.N.; Liang, D.; Wang, Y.Y.; Guo, P.; Huang, S.; Zhang, P. A large-scale systematic framework of Chinese snakes based on a unified multilocus marker system. Mol. Phylogenetics Evol. 2020, 148, 106807. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pyron, R.A.; Burbrink, F.T.; Wiens, J.J. A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes. BMC Evol. Biol. 2013, 13, 93. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Zaher, H.; Murphy, R.W.; Arredondo, J.C.; Graboski, R.; Grazziotin, F.G. Correction: Large-scale molecular phylogeny, morphology, divergence-time estimation, and the fossil record of advanced caenophidian snakes (squamata: Serpentes). PLoS ONE 2019, 14, e0217959. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
No | Specimen ID | Species | Locality | cyt b | ND4 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ANU000220008 = HSR22185 | Pareas baiseensis sp. nov. | Baise, Guangxi, China | OQ054329 | OQ054328 |
2 | ANU000220009 = HSR22186 | Pareas baiseensis sp. nov. | Baise, Guangxi, China | OQ054329 | OQ054328 |
3 | ANU000220010 = HSR22188 | Pareas baiseensis sp. nov. | Baise, Guangxi, China | OQ054329 | OQ054328 |
4 | ANU000220011 = HSR22189 | Pareas baiseensis sp. nov. | Baise, Guangxi, China | OQ054329 | OQ054328 |
5 | NMNS 05618 | P. komaii | Taiwan, Taitung, Lijia | KJ642185 | MW287056 |
6 | NMNS 05625 | P. komaii | Taiwan, Hualien | MZ712215 | MZ712240 |
7 | NMNS 05655 | P. iwasakii | Japan, Okinawa, Ishigaki | KJ642160 | — |
8 | NMNS 05654 | P. iwasakii | Japan, Okinawa, Iriomote | MZ712216 | — |
9 | NMNS 05594 | P. atayal | Taiwan, Taoyuan, Beiheng | KJ642124 | MW287041 |
10 | CAS 235254 | P. victorianus | Myanmar, Chin, Nat Ma Taung N.P. | MW438300 | MW438302 |
11 | KIZ 014167 | P. monticola | China, Tibet (Xizang), Motuo | MK135109 | MK805374 |
12 | ZMMU R-16631 | P. monticola | Myanmar, Sagaing, Ban Mauk | MW438296 | MW438301 |
13 | CAS235359 | P. andersonii | Myanmar, Chin, Nat Ma Taung N.P. | MT968772 | MW287040 |
14 | ZMMU R-16628 | P. macularius | Laos, Xaisomboun, Long Tien | MT968770 | MZ712241 |
15 | ZMMU R-16629 | P. macularius | Myanmar, Sagaing, Ban Mauk | MT968771 | MW287057 |
16 | MZMU1293 | P. modestus | India, Mizoram, Aizawl, Tanhril | MT968773 | — |
17 | ZMMU R-13451 | P. margaritophorus | Vietnam, Binh Puoc, Bu Gia Map N.P. | KJ642195 | MW287058 |
18 | ZMMU NAP-09759 | P. margaritophorus | Thailand, Ratchaburi, Suan Phueng | MZ712217 | MZ712243 |
19 | KIZ 09966 | P. boulengeri | China, Hubei, Jiannan | JF827678 | JF827656 |
20 | GP 2923 | P. boulengeri | China, Guizhou, Jiangkou | MK135090 | MK805355 |
21 | CIB 010140 | P. chinensis | China, Sichuan, Tianquan | JF827691 | JF827669 |
22 | HM 2007-S001 | P. stanleyi | China, Guangxi, Guilin | JN230704 | JN230705 |
23 | CAS 248147 | P. vindumi | Myanmar, Kachin, Lukpwi | MW287080 | MW287059 |
24 | CHS 656 | P. nigriceps | China, Yunnan, Gaoligongshan N.R. | MK201455 | — |
25 | BNHS 3575 | P. kaduri | India, Arunachal Pradesh, Lohit, Kamlang W.S. | MT188734 | — |
26 | BNHS 3574 | P. kaduri | India, Arunachal Pradesh, Lohit, Kamlang W.S. | MW026190 | — |
27 | ZMMU NAP-09088 | P. hamptoni | Vietnam, Lao Cai, Bat Xat | MW287079 | MW287053 |
28 | YPX 18219 | P. hamptoni | Myanmar, Kachin | MK135077 | MK805342 |
29 | ZMMU R-16478 | P. geminatus | Thailand, Chiang Mai | MW287074 | MW287050 |
30 | KIZ-XL1 | P. xuelinensis | China, Yunnan, Lancang, Xuelin | MW436709 | — |
31 | NMNS 05637 | P. formosensis | Taiwan, Nantou | MW287060 | MW287042 |
32 | ZMMU R-16333 | P. formosensis | Vietnam, Gia Lai, Kon Chu Rang N.R. | MW287066 | MW287048 |
33 | GP 4122 | P. niger | China, Yunnan, Kunming | MK135084 | MK805349 |
34 | AUP 01573 | P. berdmorei berdmorei | Thailand, Chiang Mai | MZ712218 | MZ712244 |
35 | ZMMU R-13753-2 | P. berdmorei unicolor | Vietnam, Dong Nai, Ma Da N.R. | MZ712224 | MZ712250 |
36 | ZMMU R-16802 | P. kuznetsovorum | Vietnam, Phu Yen, Song Hinh | MZ712232 | MZ712258 |
37 | CAS 247982 | P. carinatus tenasserimicus | Myanmar, Tanintharyi, Yaephyu | MZ712233 | MZ712259 |
38 | KIZ 011972 | P. carinatus | Malaysia (peninsular) | MK135111 | MK805376 |
39 | ZMMU R-16393 | P. abros | Vietnam, Quang Nam, Song Thanh N.P. | MZ712235 | MZ712262 |
40 | ZMMU R-14788 | P. abros | Vietnam, Thua Thien-Hue, A Roang | MZ712237 | MZ712264 |
41 | ZMMU R-13656 | P. temporalis | Vietnam, Lam Dong, Cat Loc | MZ712238 | MZ712265 |
42 | FK 2626 | P. nuchalis | Brunei, Brunei Darussalam, Belait | MZ603794 | U49311 |
43 | LSUHC 7248 | Aplopeltura boa | Malaysia, Sabah, Sepilok | KC916746 | U49312 |
44 | FMNH 241296 | Asthenodipsas laevis | Malaysia, Penang, Pulau Pinang | KX660468 | KX660596 |
45 | LSUHC 9098 | Asthenodipsas lasgalenensis | Malaysia, Pahang, Fraser’s Hill | KC916755 | MZ712267 |
46 | FMNH 273617 | Asthenodipsas borneensis | Malaysia, Sarawak, Kelabit Highlands, Bario | KX660469 | KX660597 |
47 | BNHS 3376 | Xylophis captaini | India | MK340914 | MK340912 |
48 | BNHS 3582 | Xylophis perroteti | India | MN970042 | MN970046 |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. P. baiseensis sp. nov. | — | ||||||||||||||
2. P. komaii | 0.194–0.200 | 0.017 | |||||||||||||
3. P. iwasakii | 0.192–0.194 | 0.078–0.083 | 0.010 | ||||||||||||
4. P. atayal | 0.205 | 0.085–0.093 | 0.069–0.072 | — | |||||||||||
5. P. victorianus | 0.189 | 0.187–0.192 | 0.194–0.198 | 0.194 | — | ||||||||||
6. P. monticola | 0.203–0.206 | 0.180–0.187 | 0.174–0.180 | 0.174–0.178 | 0.144–0.152 | 0.040 | |||||||||
7. P. andersonii | 0.207 | 0.194–0.195 | 0.199–0.205 | 0.201 | 0.209 | 0.191–0.192 | — | ||||||||
8. P. macularius | 0.187–0.194 | 0.181–0.194 | 0.191–0.197 | 0.189–0.193 | 0.192–0.193 | 0.173–0.176 | 0.135–0.145 | 0.114 | |||||||
9. P. modestus | 0.194 | 0.176–0.180 | 0.191–0.194 | 0.180 | 0.192 | 0.182–0.188 | 0.117 | 0.102–0.118 | — | ||||||
10. P. margaritophorus | 0.200–0.205 | 0.186–0.193 | 0.185–0.195 | 0.188–0.192 | 0.208–0.212 | 0.193–0.197 | 0.151–0.159 | 0.135–0.146 | 0.139–0.141 | 0.047 | |||||
11. P. boulengeri | 0.139–0.141 | 0.178–0.181 | 0.173 | 0.181 | 0.193 | 0.185–0.188 | 0.198 | 0.183–0.186 | 0.191–0.193 | 0.190–0.192 | 0.002 | ||||
12. P. chinensis | 0.146 | 0.181–0.185 | 0.177–0.181 | 0.187 | 0.176 | 0.182–0.186 | 0.192 | 0.176–0.179 | 0.188 | 0.187–0.192 | 0.089–0.090 | — | |||
13. P. stanleyi | 0.160 | 0.172–0.177 | 0.182–0.187 | 0.191 | 0.190 | 0.189–0.194 | 0.206 | 0.186–0.194 | 0.194 | 0.188–0.194 | 0.155 | 0.153 | — | ||
14. P. vindumi | 0.192 | 0.150 | 0.145–0.148 | 0.149 | 0.176 | 0.178–0.182 | 0.207 | 0.189–0.191 | 0.194 | 0.195–0.198 | 0.182 | 0.175 | 0.192 | — | |
15. P. nigriceps | 0.169 | 0.162 | 0.159–0.161 | 0.157 | 0.191 | 0.188–0.191 | 0.188 | 0.183–0.193 | 0.164 | 0.178–0.19 | 0.169 | 0.162 | 0.190 | 0.123 | — |
16. P. kaduri | 0.196–0.207 | 0.155–0.164 | 0.149–0.156 | 0.147–0.159 | 0.186–0.193 | 0.189–0.194 | 0.203–0.212 | 0.200–0.210 | 0.192–0.195 | 0.199–0.215 | 0.192–0.202 | 0.188–0.199 | 0.202–0.208 | 0.125–0.135 | 0.097–0.104 |
17. P. hamptoni | 0.184–0.187 | 0.141–0.147 | 0.134–0.139 | 0.139 | 0.182–0.183 | 0.186–0.189 | 0.214 | 0.188–0.194 | 0.194 | 0.192–0.200 | 0.166–0.169 | 0.181 | 0.183–0.184 | 0.115–0.116 | 0.125–0.126 |
18. P. geminatus | 0.200 | 0.152–0.153 | 0.135–0.139 | 0.142 | 0.192 | 0.194–0.198 | 0.219 | 0.192–0.199 | 0.206 | 0.199–0.202 | 0.169–0.170 | 0.187 | 0.193 | 0.122 | 0.132 |
19. P. xuelinensis | 0.201 | 0.147 | 0.133–0.138 | 0.137 | 0.186 | 0.194–0.197 | 0.213 | 0.195–0.198 | 0.202 | 0.196–0.200 | 0.165–0.166 | 0.185 | 0.192 | 0.124 | 0.125 |
20. P. formosensis | 0.189–0.195 | 0.147–0.154 | 0.133–0.148 | 0.145–0.149 | 0.175–0.184 | 0.188–0.200 | 0.212–0.214 | 0.193–0.201 | 0.198–0.203 | 0.192–0.196 | 0.165–0.173 | 0.171–0.181 | 0.193–0.195 | 0.115–0.120 | 0.125–0.133 |
21. P. niger | 0.187 | 0.146–0.149 | 0.133–0.138 | 0.142 | 0.176 | 0.187–0.190 | 0.207 | 0.189–0.191 | 0.188 | 0.196–0.198 | 0.174–0.175 | 0.176 | 0.194 | 0.110 | 0.126 |
22. P. berdmorei | 0.227–0.230 | 0.235–0.240 | 0.230–0.245 | 0.230–0.236 | 0.220–0.224 | 0.212–0.223 | 0.231–0.39 | 0.216–0.227 | 0.233–0.237 | 0.228–0.241 | 0.231–0.232 | 0.233–0.248 | 0.249–0.250 | 0.238–0.242 | 0.224–0.229 |
23. P. kuznetsovorum | 0.235 | 0.239–0.241 | 0.236–0.241 | 0.229 | 0.226 | 0.221–0.225 | 0.233 | 0.216–0.222 | 0.238 | 0.227–0.232 | 0.220–0.222 | 0.230 | 0.249 | 0.231 | 0.239 |
24. P. carinatus | 0.229–0.243 | 0.236–0.242 | 0.231–0.245 | 0.229–0.236 | 0.226–0.228 | 0.223–0.227 | 0.225–0.237 | 0.216–0.228 | 0.237–0.245 | 0.226–0.242 | 0.216–0.221 | 0.227–0.231 | 0.243–0.244 | 0.238–0.243 | 0.229–0.231 |
25. P. abros | 0.243–0.244 | 0.228–0.232 | 0.225–0.233 | 0.226–0.227 | 0.242–0.244 | 0.227–0.229 | 0.234–0.235 | 0.246–0.242 | 0.231–0.232 | 0.241–0.250 | 0.233–0.234 | 0.238 | 0.255–0.257 | 0.244–0.245 | 0.232–0.236 |
26. P. temporalis | 0.239 | 0.240 | 0.227–0.234 | 0.234 | 0.246 | 0.218–0.231 | 0.233 | 0.231–0.233 | 0.231 | 0.242–0.248 | 0.224–0.225 | 0.219 | 0.242 | 0.251 | 0.241 |
16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | ||||
1. P. baiseensis sp. nov. | |||||||||||||||
2. P. komaii | |||||||||||||||
3. P. iwasakii | |||||||||||||||
4. P. atayal | |||||||||||||||
5. P. victorianus | |||||||||||||||
6. P. monticola | |||||||||||||||
7. P. andersonii | |||||||||||||||
8. P. macularius | |||||||||||||||
9. P. modestus | |||||||||||||||
10. P. margaritophorus | |||||||||||||||
11. P. boulengeri | |||||||||||||||
12. P. chinensis | |||||||||||||||
13. P. stanleyi | |||||||||||||||
14. P. vindumi | |||||||||||||||
15. P. nigriceps | |||||||||||||||
16. P. kaduri | 0.015 | ||||||||||||||
17. P. hamptoni | 0.125–0.136 | 0.005 | |||||||||||||
18. P. geminatus | 0.139–0.151 | 0.083–0.084 | — | ||||||||||||
19. P. xuelinensis | 0.133–0.141 | 0.078–0.082 | 0.027 | — | |||||||||||
20. P. formosensis | 0.128–0.141 | 0.072–0.074 | 0.087–0.096 | 0.080–0.088 | 0.041 | ||||||||||
21. P. niger | 0.122–0.132 | 0.056–0.060 | 0.076 | 0.073 | 0.071–0.079 | — | |||||||||
22. P. berdmorei | 0.242–0.251 | 0.227–0.246 | 0.245–0.255 | 0.244–0.251 | 0.241–0.248 | 0.230–0.236 | 0.071 | ||||||||
23. P. kuznetsovorum | 0.228–0.233 | 0.230–0.231 | 0.247 | 0.243 | 0.230–0.232 | 0.223 | 0.121–0.125 | — | |||||||
24. P. carinatus | 0.221–0.244 | 0.231–0.232 | 0.237–0.242 | 0.237–0.241 | 0.233–0.240 | 0.229–0.233 | 0.130–0.149 | 0.128–0.133 | 0.080 | ||||||
25. P. abros | 0.248–0.257 | 0.231–0.236 | 0.231–0.232 | 0.230–0.231 | 0.231–0.236 | 0.226–0.227 | 0.208–0.218 | 0.206–0.209 | 0.216–0.230 | 0.015 | |||||
26. P. temporalis | 0.249–0.252 | 0.237–0.238 | 0.248 | 0.246 | 0.234–0.240 | 0.236 | 0.203–0.209 | 0.196 | 0.194–0.197 | 0.127–0.132 | — | ||||
27. P. nuchalis | 0.253–0.26 | 0.250 | 0.264 | 0.260 | 0.240–0.248 | 0.254 | 0.210 | 0.203 | 0.206–0.2 | 0.212–0.21 | 0.201 | — |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. P. baseensis sp. nov | — | |||||||||||||||||||||
2. P. komaii | 0.208 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||
3. P. atayal | 0.202 | 0.076 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
4. P. victorianus | 0.184 | 0.189 | 0.183 | — | ||||||||||||||||||
5. P. monticola | 0.186–0.193 | 0.205–0.211 | 0.189–0.198 | 0.127–0.139 | 0.056 | |||||||||||||||||
6. P. andersonii | 0.180 | 0.195 | 0.189 | 0.183 | 0.186–0.194 | — | ||||||||||||||||
7. P. macularius | 0.186–0.189 | 0.201–0.207 | 0.195–0.196 | 0.196–0.204 | 0.195–0.215 | 0.120 | 0.103 | |||||||||||||||
8. P. margaritophorus | 0.189 | 0.201–0.210 | 0.196–0.201 | 0.189–0.201 | 0.193–0.213 | 0.139–0.147 | 0.147–0.153 | 0.071 | ||||||||||||||
9. P. boulengeri | 0.121 | 0.190 | 0.184 | 0.180 | 0.178–0.181 | 0.179 | 0.181–0.196 | 0.177–0.187 | — | |||||||||||||
10. P. chinensis | 0.122 | 0.192 | 0.021 | 0.184 | 0.174–0.184 | 0.182 | 0.193–0.201 | 0.190–0.208 | 0.101 | — | ||||||||||||
11. P. stanleyi | 0.162 | 0.186 | 0.195 | 0.194 | 0.192–0.200 | 0.179 | 0.179–0.183 | 0.195–0.204 | 0.148 | 0.166 | — | |||||||||||
12. P. vindumi | 0.148 | 0.142 | 0.139 | 0.154 | 0.174–0.175 | 0.161 | 0.178 | 0.172–0.184 | 0.156 | 0.157 | 0.165 | — | ||||||||||
13. P. hamptoi | 0.174–0.177 | 0.172–0.175 | 0.163 | 0.169–0.175 | 0.177–0.186 | 0.189 | 0.196–0.204 | 0.189–0.201 | 0.178–0.181 | 0.165 | 0.204 | 0.128–0.131 | 0.006 | |||||||||
14. P. geminatus | 0.178 | 0.172 | 0.160 | 0.172 | 0.183–0.192 | 0.179 | 0.186–0.207 | 0.199–0.208 | 0.181 | 0.181 | 0.197 | 0.134 | 0.053–0.056 | — | ||||||||
15. P. formosensis | 0.171 | 0.157–0.174 | 0.156–0.171 | 0.174–0.183 | 0.190–0.205 | 0.188–0.198 | 0.199–0.211 | 0.195–0.201 | 0.189–0.199 | 0.174–0.183 | 0.189–0.194 | 0.123–0.139 | 0.076–0.100 | 0.082–0.107 | 0.051 | |||||||
16. P. niger | 0.180 | 0.162 | 0.160 | 0.184 | 0.189–0.198 | 0.188 | 0.195–0.204 | 0.184–0186 | 0.177 | 0.171 | 0.191 | 0.136 | 0.089–0.091 | 0.101 | 0.082–0.101 | — | ||||||
17. P. berdmorei | 0.242–0.255 | 0.224 | 0.211–0.221 | 0.211–0.230 | 0.204–0.216 | 0.203–0.212 | 0.225–0.234 | 0.213–0.227 | 0.215–0.227 | 0.224–0.228 | 0.236–0.239 | 0.201–0.213 | 0.205–0.215 | 0.207–0.218 | 0.208–0.222 | 0.222–0.230 | 0.066 | |||||
18. P. kuznetsovorum | 0.228 | 0.213 | 0.211 | 0.215 | 0.195–0.202 | 0.214 | 0.216–0.237 | 0.202–0.219 | 0.199 | 0.218 | 0.224 | 0.193 | 0.189 | 0.198 | 0.187–0.219 | 0.213 | 0.140–0.142 | — | ||||
19. P. carinatus | 0.224–0.231 | 0.211–0.216 | 0.210–0.211 | 0.205–0.207 | 0.204–0.218 | 0.229–0.230 | 0.230–0.242 | 0.211–0.218 | 0.210–0.221 | 0.227–0.228 | 0.224–0.225 | 0.198–0.204 | 0.196–0.210 | 02101–0.211 | 0.198–0.227 | 0.199–0.213 | 0.137–0.150 | 0.144–0.151 | 0.053 | |||
20. P. abros | 0.218–0.221 | 0.219–0.222 | 0.224 | 0.202 | 0.205–0.219 | 0.202–0.203 | 0.221–0.224 | 0.205–0.216 | 0.211–0.215 | 0.211–0.215 | 0.216–0.218 | 0.193 | 0.193–0.196 | 0.184 | 0.186–0.207 | 0.199–0.202 | 0.177–0.199 | 0.201 | 0.189–0.201 | 0.003 | ||
21. P. temporalis | 0.208 | 0.196 | 0.199 | 0.181 | 0.186–0.196 | 0.198 | 0.218 | 0.195–0.208 | 0.202 | 0.187 | 0.201 | 0.187 | 0.195 | 0.187 | 0.193–0.201 | 0.181 | 0.186–0.195 | 0.190 | 0.189–0.192 | 0.095–0.098 | — | |
22. P. nuchalis | 0.228 | 0.236 | 0.233 | 0.234 | 0.208–0.210 | 0.197 | 0.221–0.233 | 0.211–0.234 | 0.222 | 0.224 | 0.228 | 0.199 | 0.207–0.210 | 0.202 | 0.198–0.215 | 0.211 | 0.178–0.181 | 0.195 | 0.187–0.189 | 0.172–0.175 | 0.172 | — |
Voucher Number | ANU2022008 (Holotype) | ANU2022009 (Paratype) | ANU2022010 (Paratype) | ANU2022011 (Paratype) |
---|---|---|---|---|
collection number | HSR22185 | HSR22186 | HSR22188 | HSR22189 |
SEX | male | juvenile | juvenile | juvenile |
SVL | 428 | 174 | 171 | 185 |
TaL | 151 | 56 | 51 | 67 |
TL | 579 | 230 | 222 | 252 |
TaL/TL | 0.26 | 0.24 | 0.23 | 0.27 |
HL | 19.6 | 11.1 | 10.9 | 12.3 |
HW | 10.6 | 6.2 | 6.0 | 6.5 |
ED | 4.1 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.5 |
ASR | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 |
MSR | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 |
PSR | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 |
VSE | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
KMD | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
VEN | 191 | 190 | 187 | 189 |
SC | 97 | 91 | 89 | 96 |
CP | entire | entire | entire | entire |
SL | 8/8 | 8/8 | 8/8 | 8/8 |
IL | 9/9 | 9/9 | 9/9 | 9/9 |
At | 2/3 | 2/2 | 2/2 | 2/2 |
Pt | 3/3 | 3/3 | 3/4 | 3/2 |
LOR | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
Preoc | 2/2 | 2/2 | 2/2 | 2/2 |
SoO | 3/3 | 2/2 | 2/2 | 2/2 |
PoO | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Gong, Y.; Wu, J.; Huang, S.; Xu, Y.; Yang, D.; Liu, Y.; Liang, S.; Lee, P. A New Species of Pareas (Squamata, Pareidae) from Guangxi Province, China. Animals 2023, 13, 2233. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13132233
Gong Y, Wu J, Huang S, Xu Y, Yang D, Liu Y, Liang S, Lee P. A New Species of Pareas (Squamata, Pareidae) from Guangxi Province, China. Animals. 2023; 13(13):2233. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13132233
Chicago/Turabian StyleGong, Yanan, Jiaxiang Wu, Song Huang, Yuhao Xu, Diancheng Yang, Yongjin Liu, Shengming Liang, and Pingshin Lee. 2023. "A New Species of Pareas (Squamata, Pareidae) from Guangxi Province, China" Animals 13, no. 13: 2233. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13132233